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Crystals
Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/cryst15060506
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Retraction of Crystals 2022, 12(9), 1308.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Waqas et al. Gyrotactic Motile Microorganisms Impact on Pseudoplastic Nanofluid Flow over a Moving Riga Surface with Exponential Heat Flux. Crystals 2022, 12, 1308

by
Hassan Waqas
1,
Mowffaq Oreijah
2,
Kamel Guedri
2,3,
Sami Ullah Khan
4,
Song Yang
1,
Sumeira Yasmin
5,
Muhammad Ijaz Khan
6,7,*,
Omar T. Bafakeeh
8,
El Sayed Mohamed Tag-ElDin
9 and
Ahmed M. Galal
10,11
1
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
3
Research Unity, Materials, Energy and Renewable Energies, Faculty of Science of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
4
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
5
Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
6
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, Sector I-14, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
7
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
8
Department of Industrial Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan 82822, Saudi Arabia
9
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
10
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawaser 11991, Saudi Arabia
11
Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
 
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Crystals 2025, 15(6), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15060506
Submission received: 28 March 2025 / Accepted: 8 April 2025 / Published: 26 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Crystal Engineering)
Versions Notes
The Journal retracts the article entitled “Gyrotactic Motile Microorganisms Impact on Pseudoplastic Nanofluid Flow over a Moving Riga Surface with Exponential Heat Flux” [1], cited above.
Following publication, the publisher was made aware of several errors identified in the parameters and equations presented in the article.
Adhering to our complaint’s procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office, which confirmed multiple errors in the mathematical formulation of the complex heat and mass transfer problem presented in the paper. Given the scale of the errors and their impact on the validity of the overall findings, the Editorial Board have decided that a correction would not appropriately address the issues. Consequently, the Editorial Board have decided to retract this article [1] as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Crystals.
The authors did not agree to this retraction.

Reference

  1. Waqas, H.; Oreijah, M.; Guedri, K.; Khan, S.U.; Yang, S.; Yasmin, S.; Khan, M.I.; Bafakeeh, O.T.; Tag-ElDin, E.S.M.; Galal, A.M. RETRACTED: Gyrotactic motile microorganisms impact on pseudoplastic nanofluid flow over a moving riga surface with exponential heat flux. Crystals 2022, 12, 1308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Waqas, H.; Oreijah, M.; Guedri, K.; Khan, S.U.; Yang, S.; Yasmin, S.; Khan, M.I.; Bafakeeh, O.T.; Tag-ElDin, E.S.M.; Galal, A.M. RETRACTED: Waqas et al. Gyrotactic Motile Microorganisms Impact on Pseudoplastic Nanofluid Flow over a Moving Riga Surface with Exponential Heat Flux. Crystals 2022, 12, 1308. Crystals 2025, 15, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15060506

AMA Style

Waqas H, Oreijah M, Guedri K, Khan SU, Yang S, Yasmin S, Khan MI, Bafakeeh OT, Tag-ElDin ESM, Galal AM. RETRACTED: Waqas et al. Gyrotactic Motile Microorganisms Impact on Pseudoplastic Nanofluid Flow over a Moving Riga Surface with Exponential Heat Flux. Crystals 2022, 12, 1308. Crystals. 2025; 15(6):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15060506

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waqas, Hassan, Mowffaq Oreijah, Kamel Guedri, Sami Ullah Khan, Song Yang, Sumeira Yasmin, Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Omar T. Bafakeeh, El Sayed Mohamed Tag-ElDin, and Ahmed M. Galal. 2025. "RETRACTED: Waqas et al. Gyrotactic Motile Microorganisms Impact on Pseudoplastic Nanofluid Flow over a Moving Riga Surface with Exponential Heat Flux. Crystals 2022, 12, 1308" Crystals 15, no. 6: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15060506

APA Style

Waqas, H., Oreijah, M., Guedri, K., Khan, S. U., Yang, S., Yasmin, S., Khan, M. I., Bafakeeh, O. T., Tag-ElDin, E. S. M., & Galal, A. M. (2025). RETRACTED: Waqas et al. Gyrotactic Motile Microorganisms Impact on Pseudoplastic Nanofluid Flow over a Moving Riga Surface with Exponential Heat Flux. Crystals 2022, 12, 1308. Crystals, 15(6), 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15060506

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