Soft Tissue Sarcoma Mimicking Melanoma: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Assessment of the Quality of Included Studies
2.5. Data Synthesis
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
3.2. Narrative Synthesis of the Findings
3.3. Critical Appraisal of the Quality of Included Studies
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Author | Year | Type of Study | N pts | Sex | Age (Years) | Initial Diagnosis | Anatomical Region | Site | Clinical Presentation | IHC Positivity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Potter AJ [17] | 2022 | Case report | 1 | M | 30 | Melanoma | Lower limbs | Toe | Ulcerated, nodular cutaneous lesion on the distal third toe, which had been present for several years | S100, HMB45, SOX10 |
Tahiri EL [18] | 2022 | Case report | 1 | M | 31 | Melanoma | Lower limbs | Heel | Heel mass nodule | S100, HMB45, Melan A |
Biglow LR [9] | 2021 | Case report | 1 | F | 47 | Melanoma | Upper limbs | Finger | Subcutaneous nodule at the finger without any obvious nevus or skin color changes | S100, SOX10, Vimentin, BCL2 |
Zhang X [19] | 2021 | Case report | 1 | M | 68 | Melanoma | Visceral | Pleura | Dyspnea and cough following a dental abscess that was treated with root canal procedure; imaging studies revealed a large right pleural effusion, raising the concern of an empyema | SOX10, S100, HMB45, Melan-A |
Nawrocki S [20] | 2020 | Case report | 1 | M | 25 | Melanoma | Lower limbs | Left inguinal region | Raised blood blister that changed colors | S100, HMB45, Melan A |
Obiorah IE [21] | 2019 | Case series | 2 | F | 37 | Melanoma | Head and neck | Left neck | Complaint of left jaw pain and swelling | HMB45, S100, CD31, CD34, CD68 |
M | 33 | Melanoma | Trunk | Back | Mid-back pain radiating to the flanks, as well as leg weakness and numbness, with gait abnormalities | HMB45, S100, Vimentin | ||||
Donzel M [22] | 2019 | Case report | 1 | M | 27 | Melanoma | Head and neck | Palate | Palatal ulcerations; ill-defined and erythematous, with a friable center, superficial erosions, and irregular, raised edges | HMB45, SOX10, Melan A |
Obiorah IE [23] | 2018 | Case report | 1 | F | 43 | Melanoma | Head and neck | Right neck | Small nodule on the right side of her neck | S100, HMB45, Vimentin |
Curry JL [24] | 2018 | Case report | 1 | M | 68 | Melanoma | Upper limbs | Left upper harm | Primary tumor not told; recurrence: new; slightly tender; 1.0 cm purpuric cutaneous nodule within the lymphatic drainage field of his previous primary melanoma of his left upper arm | CD11, CD43, CD68 |
Leon-Castillo A [25] | 2017 | Case report | 1 | M | 65 | Melanoma | Head and neck | Occipital scalp | Large multinodular, cutaneous occipital scalp lesion with erythematous background | CD31, ERG, D2-40, factor VIII–related antigen, Tyrosinase, HMB45, Melan A |
Zivanovic M [26] | 2017 | Case report | 1 | M | 20 | Melanoma | Lower limbs | Foot | N/A | S100, Melan A, HMB45 |
Jackson CR [27] | 2016 | Case report | 1 | M | 56 | Melanoma | Trunk | Chest | Flesh-colored chest lesion for 7 years | S100, SOX10, CD34 |
Castriconi M [28] | 2015 | Case report | 1 | M | 56 | Melanoma | Upper limbs | Right axilla | Giant mass located on the right axilla | N/A |
Sayah M [29] | 2015 | Case report | 1 | F | 54 | Suspect of melanoma | Visceral | Cecum | Severe iron deficiency anemia and hematochezia | S100, Cytokeratins, HMB45 |
Liu C [30] | 2014 | Case series | 2 | M | 29 | Suspect of melanoma | Upper limbs | Left thumb | Solid gray–white tumor | HMB45, Melan A, CD56, S100, Vimentin, NSE |
M | 76 | Suspect of melanoma | Visceral | Jejunum | Complaining of bowel obstruction, macroscopic examination: tumor (2.5 cm × 2.2 cm × 1.5 cm) with a whitish–gray surface | S100, Vimentin, NSE | ||||
Sidiropoulos M [31] | 2013 | Case report | 1 | M | 13 | Suspect of melanoma | Head and neck | Lower lip | Symptomatic papule on the lower lip that was suggestive of a mucocele | S100, CD99, sinaptofisina, HMB45, MiTF |
Falconieri G [32] | 2012 | Case series | 3 | M | 12 | Melanoma | Lower limbs | Left foot | Lesion in the dorsal aspect of foot | S100, Melan A |
M | 60 | Melanoma | Lower limbs | Upper thigh | Slowly growing pigmented nodular lesion | S100 | ||||
F | 29 | Melanoma | Lower limbs | Right foot | Lesion in the sole of the foot | S100, Melan A, HMB45 | ||||
Rodríguez MM [33] | 2009 | Case report | 1 | M | 53 | Melanoma | Upper limbs | Right harm | Painful erythematous, dome-shaped, nodular lesion 1.3 cm in diameter, firm to palpation and movable, with a serohemorrhagic crust on its surface | S100, HMB45 |
Tanas MR [34] | 2009 | Case report | 1 | M | 67 | Melanoma | Trunk | Abdomen | Abdominal mass | S100, HMB45, MiFT, Melan A |
Zoufaly A [11] | 2007 | Case report | 1 | M | 69 | Melanoma | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Brightman LA [35] | 2006 | Case report | 1 | M | 86 | Melanoma | Head and neck | Scalp | Large irregular dark gray–blue plaque with an adjacent speckled tan nodule | S100, CD31, CD34 |
Matsuda Y [36] | 2005 | Case report | 1 | M | 75 | Suspect of melanoma | Lower limbs | Left thigh | Oval-shaped mass; elastic, soft, and adherent to the left thigh on palpation | S-100, NSE, GFAP, MBP, Chromogranin A and synaptophysin |
Demir Y [37] | 2003 | Case report | 1 | M | 80 | Suspect of melanoma | Head and neck | Scalp | Painless ulceration on his scalp | S100 |
Bonetti F [38] | 2001 | Case series | 4 | F | 28 | Suspect of melanoma | Visceral | Ileum | Abdominal pain | HMB45, MART 1 |
F | 19 | Suspect of melanoma | Genital | Uterus | Abdominal pain | HMB45 | ||||
F | 40 | Suspect of melanoma | Genital | Uterus | Surgery because of uterine leiomyomas; during the operation, a 2.5 cm × 12 cm × 1.5 cm pelvic nodule was accidentally found and thought to represent endometriosis | HMB45 | ||||
F | 41 | Suspect of melanoma | Genital | Myometrium | Presumed fibroids in uterus | HMB45, MART 1 | ||||
Ferreiro JA [39] | 1995 | Case report | 1 | M | 75 | Melanoma | Head and neck | Face | Non-painful mass of the face | keratin, S100, Vimentin |
Honma K [40] | 1989 | Case report | 1 | M | 65 | Melanoma | Upper limbs | Left axillary fossa | N/A | Leu7, NSE |
Gould E [41] | 1989 | Case report | 1 | M | 78 | Melanoma | Upper limbs | Left arm | Black nodule above the elbow | a1 anti-chymotrypsin (AACT), a1 antitrypsin (AAC) |
First Author | Year | Why Second Assessment and/or Diagnostic Re-Evaluation | EWSR1 Translocation | Final Diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Potter AJ [17] | 2022 | Unresponsive to treatment | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Tahiri EL [18] | 2022 | Unusual presentation | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Biglow LR [9] | 2021 | Unusual presentation | Negative | Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor |
Zhang X [19] | 2021 | Uncertain diagnosis | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Nawrocki S [20] | 2020 | Uncertain diagnosis | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Obiorah IE [21] | 2019 | Review after death | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Uncertain diagnosis | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma | ||
Donzel M [22] | 2019 | Uncertain diagnosis | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Obiorah IE [23] | 2018 | Uncertain diagnosis | N/A | Clear cell sarcoma |
Curry JL [24] | 2018 | Review after surgery | N/A | Myeloid sarcoma |
Leon-Castillo A [25] | 2017 | N/A | N/A | Cutaneous angiosarcoma |
Zivanovic M [26] | 2017 | N/A | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Jackson CR [27] | 2016 | Expert opinion | N/A | MPNST—malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors |
Castriconi M [28] | 2015 | N/A | N/A | Pleomorphic sarcoma |
Sayah M [29] | 2015 | Unusual presentation | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Liu C [30] | 2014 | Unusual presentation | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Unusual presentation | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma | ||
Sidiropoulos M [31] | 2012 | Research for EWSR1 translocation | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Falconieri G [32] | 2012 | Unusual presentation | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Unusual presentation | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma | ||
Unusual presentation | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma | ||
Rodríguez MM [33] | 2009 | Uncertain diagnosis | Positive | Clear cell sarcoma |
Tanas MR [34] | 2009 | N/A | N/A | Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor |
Zoufaly A [11] | 2007 | N/A | N/A | Kaposi’s sarcoma |
Brightman LA [35] | 2006 | Uncertain diagnosis | N/A | Cutaneous epithelioid angiosarcoma |
Matsuda Y [36] | 2005 | N/A | N/A | Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor |
Demir Y [37] | 2003 | Expert opinion | N/A | Malignant schwannoma |
Bonetti F [38] | 2001 | Unusual presentation | N/A | Sarcoma of perivascular epithelioid cells |
Unusual presentation | N/A | Sarcoma of perivascular epithelioid cells | ||
Unusual presentation | N/A | Sarcoma of perivascular epithelioid cells | ||
Unusual presentation | N/A | Sarcoma of perivascular epithelioid cells | ||
Ferreiro JA [39] | 1995 | N/A | N/A | Chondroid syringoma |
Honma K [40] | 1989 | N/A | N/A | Epithlioid malignant schwannoma |
Gould E [41] | 1989 | N/A | N/A | Malignant giant cell tumor of soft tissue |
First Author | Year | Clear Criteria for Inclusion | Valid Methods for the Identification of the Initial Condition | Valid Methods For Identification of the Final Condition | In a Case Series, Consecutive Inclusion of Participants | Clear Reporting of Demographics | Clear Reporting of Clinical Information | Reporting of Time of Second Assessment | Reporting of Reason for Second Assessment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Potter AJ [17] | 2022 | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Tahiri EL [18] | 2022 | Yes | Yes | yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Biglow LR [9] | 2021 | Yes | Yes | Unclear | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Zhang X [19] | 2021 | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Yes |
Nawrocki S [20] | 2020 | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Obiorah IE [21] | 2019 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Donzel M [22] | 2019 | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Obiorah IE [23] | 2018 | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Curry JL [24] | 2018 | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Leon-Castillo A [25] | 2017 | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Zivanovic M [26] | 2017 | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | No | No | No |
Jackson CR [27] | 2016 | Yes | Yes | Unclear | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Castriconi M [28] | 2015 | Yes | Yes | Unclear | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Sayah M [29] | 2015 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Liu C [30] | 2014 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Sidiropoulos M [31] | 2012 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Falconieri G [32] | 2012 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Rodríguez MM [33] | 2009 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Unclear |
Zoufaly A [11] | 2007 | Yes | Yes | No | N/A | Yes | No | No | No |
Tanas MR [34] | 2009 | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Brightman LA [35] | 2006 | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Matsuda Y [36] | 2005 | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Demir Y [37] | 2003 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Bonetti F [38] | 2001 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Ferreiro JA [39] | 1995 | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Honma K [40] | 1989 | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | N/A | Yes | No | No | No |
Gould E [41] | 1989 | Yes | Unclear | unclear | N/A | Yes | Yes | No | No |
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Cassalia, F.; Cavallin, F.; Danese, A.; Del Fiore, P.; Di Prata, C.; Rastrelli, M.; Belloni Fortina, A.; Mocellin, S. Soft Tissue Sarcoma Mimicking Melanoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers 2023, 15, 3584. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15143584
Cassalia F, Cavallin F, Danese A, Del Fiore P, Di Prata C, Rastrelli M, Belloni Fortina A, Mocellin S. Soft Tissue Sarcoma Mimicking Melanoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers. 2023; 15(14):3584. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15143584
Chicago/Turabian StyleCassalia, Fortunato, Francesco Cavallin, Andrea Danese, Paolo Del Fiore, Claudia Di Prata, Marco Rastrelli, Anna Belloni Fortina, and Simone Mocellin. 2023. "Soft Tissue Sarcoma Mimicking Melanoma: A Systematic Review" Cancers 15, no. 14: 3584. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15143584