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Volume 9
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10.3390/mi9080369
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Article

Flexible Thermo-Optic Variable Attenuator based on Long-Range Surface Plasmon-Polariton Waveguides

by
Jie Tang
1,2,
Yi-Ran Liu
2,3,
Li-Jiang Zhang
3,
Xing-Chang Fu
3,
Xiao-Mei Xue
1,2,
Guang Qian
1,
Ning Zhao
2,3 and
Tong Zhang
1,2,3,*
1
Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, and School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
2
Suzhou Key Laboratory of Metal Nano-Optoelectronic Technology, Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, China
3
Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2018, 9(8), 369; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9080369
Submission received: 28 April 2018 / Revised: 10 June 2018 / Accepted: 24 July 2018 / Published: 26 July 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Electronics: Fabrication and Ubiquitous Integration)
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Abstract

A flexible thermo-optic variable attenuator based on long-range surface plasmon-polariton (LRSPP) waveguide for microwave photonic application was investigated. Low-loss polymer materials and high-quality silver strip were served as cladding layers and core layer of the LRSPP waveguide, respectively. By using finite element method (FEM), the thermal distribution and the optical field distribution have been carefully optimized. The fabricated device was characterized by end-fire excitation with a 1550 nm laser. The transmission performance of high-speed data and microwave modulated optical signal was measured while using a broadband microwave photonics link. The results indicated that the propagation loss of the LRSPP waveguide was about 1.92 dB/cm. The maximum attenuation of optical signal was about 28 dB at a driving voltage of 4.17 V, and the variable attenuation of microwave signals was obviously observed by applying different driving voltage to the heater. This flexible plasmonic variable attenuator is promising for chip-scale interconnection in high-density photonic integrated circuits and data transmission and amplitude control in microwave photonic systems.
Keywords: variable optical attenuator (VOA); surface plasmon-polariton (SPP); microwave photonics variable optical attenuator (VOA); surface plasmon-polariton (SPP); microwave photonics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tang, J.; Liu, Y.-R.; Zhang, L.-J.; Fu, X.-C.; Xue, X.-M.; Qian, G.; Zhao, N.; Zhang, T. Flexible Thermo-Optic Variable Attenuator based on Long-Range Surface Plasmon-Polariton Waveguides. Micromachines 2018, 9, 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9080369

AMA Style

Tang J, Liu Y-R, Zhang L-J, Fu X-C, Xue X-M, Qian G, Zhao N, Zhang T. Flexible Thermo-Optic Variable Attenuator based on Long-Range Surface Plasmon-Polariton Waveguides. Micromachines. 2018; 9(8):369. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9080369

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tang, Jie, Yi-Ran Liu, Li-Jiang Zhang, Xing-Chang Fu, Xiao-Mei Xue, Guang Qian, Ning Zhao, and Tong Zhang. 2018. "Flexible Thermo-Optic Variable Attenuator based on Long-Range Surface Plasmon-Polariton Waveguides" Micromachines 9, no. 8: 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9080369

APA Style

Tang, J., Liu, Y.-R., Zhang, L.-J., Fu, X.-C., Xue, X.-M., Qian, G., Zhao, N., & Zhang, T. (2018). Flexible Thermo-Optic Variable Attenuator based on Long-Range Surface Plasmon-Polariton Waveguides. Micromachines, 9(8), 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9080369

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