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Toxins, Volume 7, Issue 1

January 2015 - 15 articles

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Articles (15)

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Article

21 Citations

10,753 Views

16 Pages

Triggering Apoptotic Death of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes by Malic Acid: Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways

Yu-Ping Hsiao,
Wan-Wen Lai,
Shi-Bei Wu,
Chung-Hung Tsai,
Sheau-Chung Tang,
Jing-Gung Chung and
Jen-Hung Yang

Toxins2015, 7(1), 81-96;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7010081

9 January 2015

Malic acid (MA) has been commonly used in cosmetic products, but the safety reports in skin are sparse. To investigate the biological effects of MA in human skin keratinocytes, we investigated the potential cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of MA in...

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Editorial

4,155 Views

6 Pages

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Toxins in 2014

Toxins Editorial Office

Toxins2015, 7(1), 43-48;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7010043

8 January 2015

The editors of Toxins would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2014:[...]

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Article

60 Citations

9,472 Views

13 Pages

Characterization of 27 Mycotoxin Binders and the Relation with in Vitro Zearalenone Adsorption at a Single Concentration

Thomas De Mil,
Mathias Devreese,
Siegrid De Baere,
Eric Van Ranst,
Mia Eeckhout,
Patrick De Backer and
Siska Croubels

Toxins2015, 7(1), 21-33;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7010021

5 January 2015

The aim of this study was to characterize 27 feed additives marketed as mycotoxin binders and to screen them for their in vitro zearalenone (ZEN) adsorption. Firstly, 27 mycotoxin binders, commercially available in Belgium and The Netherlands, were...

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Article

29 Citations

8,481 Views

9 Pages

Plectasin, First Animal Toxin-Like Fungal Defensin Blocking Potassium Channels through Recognizing Channel Pore Region

Fang Xiang,
Zili Xie,
Jing Feng,
Weishan Yang,
Zhijian Cao,
Wenxin Li,
Zongyun Chen and
Yingliang Wu

Toxins2015, 7(1), 34-42;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7010034

5 January 2015

The potassium channels were recently found to be inhibited by animal toxin-like human β-defensin 2 (hBD2), the first defensin blocker of potassium channels. Whether there are other defensin blockers from different organisms remains an open question....

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Review

36 Citations

7,366 Views

20 Pages

Disorder-to-Order Transition in the CyaA Toxin RTX Domain: Implications for Toxin Secretion

Ana-Cristina Sotomayor-Pérez,
Daniel Ladant and
Alexandre Chenal

Toxins2015, 7(1), 1-20;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7010001

31 December 2014

The past decade has seen a fundamental reappraisal of the protein structure-to-function paradigm because it became evident that a significant fraction of polypeptides are lacking ordered structures under physiological conditions. Ligand-induced dis...

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