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Toxins, Volume 2, Issue 8

August 2010 - 16 articles

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Articles (16)

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
11,900 Views
15 Pages

Characterization of SNARE Cleavage Products Generated by Formulated Botulinum Neurotoxin Type-A Drug Products

  • Terrence Hunt,
  • David Rupp,
  • Gary Shimizu,
  • Karen Tam,
  • Julia Weidler and
  • Jack Xie

19 August 2010

The study evaluated substrate cleavage product(s) generated by three botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) medicinal drug products utilizing a novel and highly specific, light-chain activity, high-performance liquid chromatography (LCA-HPLC) metho...

  • Review
  • Open Access
448 Citations
43,889 Views
21 Pages

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

  • Irina V. Pinchuk,
  • Ellen J. Beswick and
  • Victor E. Reyes

18 August 2010

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram positive bacterium that is carried by about one third of the general population and is responsible for common and serious diseases. These diseases include food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, which are...

  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
13,013 Views
19 Pages

Different Types of Cell Death Induced by Enterotoxins

  • Chiou-Feng Lin,
  • Chia-Ling Chen,
  • Wei-Ching Huang,
  • Yi-Lin Cheng,
  • Chia-Yuan Hsieh,
  • Chi-Yun Wang and
  • Ming-Yuan Hong

11 August 2010

The infection of bacterial organisms generally causes cell death to facilitate microbial invasion and immune escape, both of which are involved in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. In addition to the intercellular infectious processes, pathoge...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
10,585 Views
8 Pages

Ochratoxin A Contamination of Food from Croatia

  • Maja Peraica,
  • Dubravka Flajs,
  • Ana-Marija Domijan,
  • Dario Ivić and
  • Bogdan Cvjetković

10 August 2010

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic properties produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus moulds under different climatic conditions. Humans and animals are exposed to this compound mainly via ingestion of cont...

  • Article
  • Open Access
92 Citations
14,474 Views
11 Pages

How Should Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Outbreaks Be Characterized?

  • Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne,
  • Annick Ostyn,
  • Florence Guillier,
  • Sabine Herbin,
  • Anne-Laure Prufer and
  • Sylviane Dragacci

10 August 2010

Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common food-borne diseases and results from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) preformed in food by enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. To date, more than 20 SEs have been...

  • Review
  • Open Access
161 Citations
16,507 Views
15 Pages

10 August 2010

Heat-stable enterotoxins are the most notable virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogen associated with serious community and hospital acquired diseases. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) cause toxic shock-like syndro...

  • Review
  • Open Access
62 Citations
17,084 Views
26 Pages

10 August 2010

An estimated 4 billion episodes of diarrhea occur each year. As a result, 2–3 million children and 0.5–1 million adults succumb to the consequences of this major healthcare concern. The majority of these deaths can be attributed to toxin mediated dia...

  • Review
  • Open Access
87 Citations
19,023 Views
28 Pages

9 August 2010

In the present review we have attempted to assess the involvement of the organic anion transporters OAT1, OAT2, OAT3, and OAT4, belonging to the SLC22 family of polyspecific carriers, in drug-induced renal damage in humans. We have focused on drugs w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
12,987 Views
15 Pages

9 August 2010

Liquid- or solid substrate-cultured Penicillium polonicum administered in feed to rats over several days evokes a histopathological response in kidney involving apoptosis and abnormal mitosis in proximal tubules. The amphoteric toxin is yet only part...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
9,620 Views
21 Pages

Unexpected Modulation of Recall B and T Cell Responses after Immunization with Rotavirus-like Particles in the Presence of LT-R192G

  • Fatou Thiam,
  • Cyrille Di Martino,
  • Fabienne Bon,
  • Annie Charpilienne,
  • Claire Cachia,
  • Didier Poncet,
  • John D. Clements,
  • Christelle Basset and
  • Evelyne Kohli

5 August 2010

LT-R192G, a mutant of the thermolabile enterotoxin of E. coli, is a potent adjuvant of immunization. Immune responses are generally analyzed at the end of protocols including at least 2 administrations, but rarely after a prime. To investigate this p...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651