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Toxins, Volume 14, Issue 7

July 2022 - 86 articles

Cover Story: Antivenoms are life-saving snakebite therapeutics directed against crude venom, but the extensive venom toxin variation among snake species restricts their geographical utility. In this study, the authors explore the value of using specific snake venom serine protease toxins, recombinantly expressed in mammalian HEK293F cells, as immunogens for generating antibodies directed towards a specific toxin class. Recombinant ancrod, RVV-V, and batroxobin were used to generate murine antibodies, which were shown to bind to and inhibit the fibrinogenolytic activity of the toxin immunogens and crude venoms. These findings strengthen the case for the use of recombinant toxins as supplemental immunogens to stimulate focused and desirable antibody responses capable of neutralizing the specific venom-induced pathological effects associated with snakebites. View this paper
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Articles (86)

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,424 Views
15 Pages

20 July 2022

Daboia siamensis (Russell’s viper) is a highly venomous and medically important snake in China, as well as much of Asia. There is minimal information on the pharmacological activity of the venom of the Chinese species, and currently no commerci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,017 Views
13 Pages

Deterministic and Probabilistic Dietary Exposure Assessment to Deoxynivalenol in Spain and the Catalonia Region

  • Jose A. Gallardo,
  • Sonia Marin,
  • Antonio J. Ramos,
  • German Cano-Sancho and
  • Vicente Sanchis

20 July 2022

Deoxynivalenol (DON) remains one of the most concerning mycotoxins produced by the Fusarium genus due to the wide occurrence in highly consumed cereal-based food and its associated toxicological effects. Previous studies conducted in Spain and other...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,789 Views
27 Pages

Deepening the Whole Transcriptomics of Bovine Liver Cells Exposed to AFB1: A Spotlight on Toll-like Receptor 2

  • Silvia Iori,
  • Marianna Pauletto,
  • Irene Bassan,
  • Federico Bonsembiante,
  • Maria Elena Gelain,
  • Anisa Bardhi,
  • Andrea Barbarossa,
  • Anna Zaghini,
  • Mauro Dacasto and
  • Mery Giantin

20 July 2022

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a food contaminant metabolized mostly in the liver and leading to hepatic damage. Livestock species are differently susceptible to AFB1, but the underlying mechanisms of toxicity have not yet been fully investigated, especially...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,252 Views
16 Pages

Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis in Fusarium pseudograminearum Significantly Repressed by a Megabirnavirus

  • Ke Li,
  • Dongmei Liu,
  • Xin Pan,
  • Shuwei Yan,
  • Jiaqing Song,
  • Dongwei Liu,
  • Zhifang Wang,
  • Yuan Xie,
  • Junli Dai and
  • Jihong Liu
  • + 3 authors

19 July 2022

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin widely detected in cereal products contaminated by Fusarium. Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1) is a double-stranded RNA virus infecting Fusarium pseudograminearum. In this study, it was revealed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,841 Views
15 Pages

19 July 2022

Maize pests like Ostrinia nubilalis and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera are eradicated using genetically modified maize. This study’s goal was to see if the genetically modified maize MON810 is also toxic to thrips communities on maize. The impa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,056 Views
20 Pages

Effect of Different N:P Ratios on the Growth, Toxicity, and Toxin Profile of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) Strains from the Gulf of California

  • Francisco E. Hernández-Sandoval,
  • José J. Bustillos-Guzmán,
  • Christine J. Band-Schmidt,
  • Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez,
  • David J. López-Cortés,
  • Leyberth J. Fernández-Herrera,
  • Carlos A. Poot-Delgado and
  • Manuel Moreno-Legorreta

18 July 2022

The harmful microalgae Gymnodinium catenatum is a unique naked dinoflagellate that produces paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs). This species is common along the coasts of the Mexican Pacific and is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoni...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,918 Views
8 Pages

Neurotoxicity and Other Clinical Manifestations of a Common European Adder (Vipera berus) Bite in Romania

  • Gabriela Viorela Nițescu,
  • Coriolan Emil Ulmeanu,
  • Maria-Dorina Crăciun,
  • Alina Maria Ciucă,
  • Alexandru Ulici,
  • Ioan Ghira and
  • Davide Lonati

18 July 2022

Most cases of envenomation by common European vipers (Vipera berus) have not been reported to have neurotoxic manifestations. However, these manifestations have been demonstrated in some cases of envenomation by subspecies of V. berus, found in the C...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,305 Views
12 Pages

Combination of Bacillus velezensis RC218 and Chitosan to Control Fusarium Head Blight on Bread and Durum Wheat under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

  • Juan Palazzini,
  • Agustina Reynoso,
  • Nadia Yerkovich,
  • Vanessa Zachetti,
  • María Ramírez and
  • Sofía Chulze

18 July 2022

Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto is, worldwide, the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight in small cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and oat. The pathogen causes not only reductions in yield and grain quality but also contamination with type-...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,751 Views
14 Pages

Comparative Effects of Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone and Its Modified Forms De-Epoxy-Deoxynivalenol and Hydrolyzed Zearalenone on Boar Semen In Vitro

  • Panagiotis D. Tassis,
  • Nicole Reisinger,
  • Veronika Nagl,
  • Eleni Tzika,
  • Dian Schatzmayr,
  • Nikolaos Mittas,
  • Athina Basioura,
  • Ilias Michos and
  • Ioannis A. Tsakmakidis

18 July 2022

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are described as detrimental factors to sow and boar fertility. In comparison, literature reports on the impact of modified forms of DON and ZEN, such as de-epoxy-DON (DOM-1) and hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN), on sw...

  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,050 Views
19 Pages

18 July 2022

Botulinum toxin A (Botox) had been considered a promising drug that has an effect on functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. Because Botox exhibits anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects, Botox injection into the bladder can decrease de...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651Creative Common CC BY license