The Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Development of Anxiety Symptoms—A Narrative Review

The gut microbiota plays a key role in mental health, with growing evidence linking its composition to anxiety and depressive disorders. Research on this topic has expanded significantly in recent years. This review explores alterations in the gut microbiota of individuals with anxiety disorders and examines the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics. Background/Objectives: This review aims to analyze the alterations in gut microbiota composition in individuals with anxiety disorders and evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics in mitigating symptoms. By examining recent research, this study seeks to highlight the gut–brain connection and its implications for mental health interventions. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies investigating the relationship between gut microbiota and anxiety disorders, as well as the impact of probiotics on symptom severity. Results: The reviewed studies suggest that individuals with anxiety disorders often exhibit gut microbiota alterations, including reduced microbial diversity and a lower abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Additionally, probiotics, particularly those from the Lactobacillus genus, may help alleviate anxiety symptoms by modulating gut microbiota composition. Conclusions: Gut dysbiosis appears to be closely linked to anxiety disorders, and probiotic interventions could represent a promising therapeutic avenue. However, further research is needed to clarify underlying mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies.