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Sustainability
Volume 17
Issue 22
10.3390/su172210147
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Retraction of Sustainability 2023, 15(14), 11160.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Ganguly et al. Horse Herd Optimized Intelligent Controller for Sustainable PV Interface Grid-Connected System: A Qualitative Approach. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11160

by
Anupama Ganguly
1,
Pabitra Kumar Biswas
1,
Chiranjit Sain
2,
Ahmad Taher Azar
3,4,5,*,
Ahmed Redha Mahlous
3,4 and
Saim Ahmed
4
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Mizoram, Aizawl 796012, India
2
Electrical Engineering Department, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda 732141, India
3
College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
4
Automated Systems and Soft Computing Lab (ASSCL), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
5
Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10147; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210147
Submission received: 26 August 2025 / Accepted: 24 October 2025 / Published: 13 November 2025
Versions Notes
Our journal, Sustainability, retracts the article “Horse Herd Optimized Intelligent Controller for Sustainable PV Interface Grid-Connected System: A Qualitative Approach” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the reliability of the figures presented in this article [1].
Adhering to our complaint procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board that confirmed a high level of similarity between Figures 5 and 6 in this paper [1] and Figures 8–12 in a previously published article [2] produced by another authorship group. Following discussions, the authors were unable to provide an appropriate explanation of the overlap nor confirm the origins of the overlapping content. Consequently, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and decided to retract this publication [1], as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of Sustainability.
The authors did not agree with this decision.

References

  1. Ganguly, A.; Biswas, P.K.; Sain, C.; Azar, A.T.; Mahlous, A.R.; Ahmed, S. RETRACTED: Horse Herd Optimized Intelligent Controller for Sustainable PV Interface Grid-Connected System: A Qualitative Approach. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Sibtain, D.; Murtaza, A.F.; Ahmed, N.; Sher, H.A.; Gulzar, M.M. Multi control adaptive fractional order PID control approach for PV/wind connected grid system. Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst. 2021, 31, e12809. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ganguly, A.; Biswas, P.K.; Sain, C.; Azar, A.T.; Mahlous, A.R.; Ahmed, S. RETRACTED: Ganguly et al. Horse Herd Optimized Intelligent Controller for Sustainable PV Interface Grid-Connected System: A Qualitative Approach. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11160. Sustainability 2025, 17, 10147. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210147

AMA Style

Ganguly A, Biswas PK, Sain C, Azar AT, Mahlous AR, Ahmed S. RETRACTED: Ganguly et al. Horse Herd Optimized Intelligent Controller for Sustainable PV Interface Grid-Connected System: A Qualitative Approach. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11160. Sustainability. 2025; 17(22):10147. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210147

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ganguly, Anupama, Pabitra Kumar Biswas, Chiranjit Sain, Ahmad Taher Azar, Ahmed Redha Mahlous, and Saim Ahmed. 2025. "RETRACTED: Ganguly et al. Horse Herd Optimized Intelligent Controller for Sustainable PV Interface Grid-Connected System: A Qualitative Approach. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11160" Sustainability 17, no. 22: 10147. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210147

APA Style

Ganguly, A., Biswas, P. K., Sain, C., Azar, A. T., Mahlous, A. R., & Ahmed, S. (2025). RETRACTED: Ganguly et al. Horse Herd Optimized Intelligent Controller for Sustainable PV Interface Grid-Connected System: A Qualitative Approach. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11160. Sustainability, 17(22), 10147. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210147

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