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Pharmaceutics
Volume 14
Issue 4
10.3390/pharmaceutics14040718
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Review

An Overview of siRNA Delivery Strategies for Urological Cancers

by
Nadia Halib
1,
Nicola Pavan
2,
Carlo Trombetta
2,
Barbara Dapas
3,
Rossella Farra
3,
Bruna Scaggiante
3,
Mario Grassi
4 and
Gabriele Grassi
3,*
1
Department of Basic Sciences & Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia
2
Urology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
3
Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
4
Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(4), 718; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040718
Submission received: 3 February 2022 / Revised: 18 March 2022 / Accepted: 24 March 2022 / Published: 27 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery)
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Abstract

The treatment of urological cancers has been significantly improved in recent years. However, for the advanced stages of these cancers and/or for those developing resistance, novel therapeutic options need to be developed. Among the innovative strategies, the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) seems to be of great therapeutic interest. siRNAs are double-stranded RNA molecules which can specifically target virtually any mRNA of pathological genes. For this reason, siRNAs have a great therapeutic potential for human diseases including urological cancers. However, the fragile nature of siRNAs in the biological environment imposes the development of appropriate delivery systems to protect them. Thus, ensuring siRNA reaches its deep tissue target while maintaining structural and functional integrity represents one of the major challenges. To reach this goal, siRNA-based therapies require the development of fine, tailor-made delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, nanobubbles and magnetic nanoparticles are among nano-delivery systems studied recently to meet this demand. In this review, after an introduction about the main features of urological tumors, we describe siRNA characteristics together with representative delivery systems developed for urology applications; the examples reported are subdivided on the basis of the different delivery materials and on the different urological cancers.
Keywords: bladder cancer; prostate cancer; renal cancer; siRNA; delivery bladder cancer; prostate cancer; renal cancer; siRNA; delivery

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MDPI and ACS Style

Halib, N.; Pavan, N.; Trombetta, C.; Dapas, B.; Farra, R.; Scaggiante, B.; Grassi, M.; Grassi, G. An Overview of siRNA Delivery Strategies for Urological Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 718. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040718

AMA Style

Halib N, Pavan N, Trombetta C, Dapas B, Farra R, Scaggiante B, Grassi M, Grassi G. An Overview of siRNA Delivery Strategies for Urological Cancers. Pharmaceutics. 2022; 14(4):718. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040718

Chicago/Turabian Style

Halib, Nadia, Nicola Pavan, Carlo Trombetta, Barbara Dapas, Rossella Farra, Bruna Scaggiante, Mario Grassi, and Gabriele Grassi. 2022. "An Overview of siRNA Delivery Strategies for Urological Cancers" Pharmaceutics 14, no. 4: 718. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040718

APA Style

Halib, N., Pavan, N., Trombetta, C., Dapas, B., Farra, R., Scaggiante, B., Grassi, M., & Grassi, G. (2022). An Overview of siRNA Delivery Strategies for Urological Cancers. Pharmaceutics, 14(4), 718. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040718

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