2026 May - 103 articles
Dengue virus (DENV) poses a growing risk in Tanzania, yet its genetic diversity in mosquito populations remains poorly understood. Using Nanopore sequencing, we recovered full coding sequences from six DENV-2 positive mosquito pools collected in Dar...
Rodents and shrews are important reservoir hosts due to their close association with human activities and their role in carrying various zoonotic pathogens. Recently, meta-transcriptomic sequencing has become a powerful tool for surveilling and scree...
Background: Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has emerged as a valuable tool for population-level monitoring of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, yet the interplay between sampling strategies and disease pre...
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) comprises a single serotype but can be classified into five genotypes (genotypes I–V, GI–GV) based on nucleic acid sequences. Historically, genotype III (GIII) was the predominant strain. However, since t...
Vaccination represents the cornerstone of Newcastle disease control. Nanotechnology offers a promising approach to improve the effectiveness of DNA vaccines, supporting their use as an alternative to conventional platforms. Herein, the Avian Orthoavu...
The proviral load of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an important biomarker associated with the monitoring and risk stratification of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesi...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) remains a threat to poultry health and poses a zoonotic risk, highlighting the need for vaccine antigens capable of inducing both systemic and mucosal immunity. In this study, we evaluated X33CLS-H7, a clari...
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), and KS-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS-KS). Quantifying HHV-8 DNA i...
Plant viruses need to use many host factors to establish infection. During the viral cycle, intracellular transport is fundamental to reach the plasmodesmata to enable cell-to-cell transport. Cucumovirus CMV (cucumber mosaic virus, CMV) can infect pl...
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major cause of preventable liver-related mortality in the United States despite highly effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Contemporary assessment of mortality trends and disparities is essential f...
The innate immune system, particularly the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway, is a major early defense barrier against influenza A virus infection. However, excessive immune responses can trigger lethal cyto...
Gammaherpesviruses are oncogenic viruses that reprogram host cell metabolism to support viral production. Among these, murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) serves as a model system for studying lytic gammaherpesvirus infection and associated host cell chan...
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Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are increasingly reaching older ages due to the success of antiretroviral therapy. However, aging with HIV is associated with increased risk of multimorbidity, neurocognitive impairment, frailty, psychosocial...
BK and JC Polyomaviruses (BKPyV and JCPyV) are ubiquitous human pathogens capable of establishing lifelong, asymptomatic persistence in the majority of the global population. While decades of research have focused on their lytic replication cycles an...
The Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) is an important pathogen of the fall armyworm and is used as the basis for biological insecticides. In this study, we examined the relationship between the size–frequency distribu...
Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a valuable complementary tool for population-level monitoring. This study evaluated the early warning value of wastewater surveillance for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and its correlation with COVID-19 infection...
The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) has evolved sophisticated immune-evasion strategies to establish a productive infection in the host, primarily by counteracting the innate antiviral response. Here, we demonstrate for th...
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a fatal and highly contagious disease, resulting in enormous losses to the global swine industry. No licensed vaccines or effective therapeutics are currently avail...
Viral comorbidities elicit complex host responses by activating redox-sensitive signaling pathways, prominently those regulated by NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes. Nox are critical components of host defense, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that...
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is divided into seven genotypes, including West Africa II (WAII) and South America I (SAI). The first wild-type YFVs isolated, Asibi (Ghana/1927) and French Viscerotropic virus ([FVV] Senegal/1927), are members of WAII. The f...
Background: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a valuable population-level surveillance tool for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 circulation. However, evidence on optimal viral concentration approaches in confined institutional settings such as prisons rem...
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) is the primary causative agent of a highly contagious and often fatal disease affecting domestic cats and other felids. The increasing isolation of species-specific FPLV variants from multiple host species has garner...
MK-2048 is a potent second-generation HIV integrase inhibitor that has demonstrated acceptable safety and pharmacokinetics (PKs) in clinical trials of vaginal formulations. The substrate-type interactions between MK-2048 and the transporters/metaboli...
Virophages are satellite viruses that depend on the replication machinery of giant double-stranded DNA viruses and influence the structure and dynamics of viral communities through multilayered interactions among giant viruses, their hosts, and virop...
Women living with HIV face an increased burden of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB); however, the underlying immunological mechanisms of sPTB and its association with HIV infection are poorly understood. Although the limited earlier literature implica...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses of the goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage have driven a global panzootic since 2020, with clade 2.3.4.4b establishing sustained transmission in wild birds. In South America, early outbreaks were larg...
The cell density effect, defined as reduced cell-specific productivity above a critical cell density, remains a major limitation in virus manufacturing processes. While medium exchange prior to infection has been reported to mitigate this effect, the...
Despite a monovalent G3P[12] (‘G3’) vaccine being available for horses, equine rotavirus A (ERVA) is still the predominant infectious pathogen causing diarrhea in foals in the United States of America (U.S.). Previous research has shown t...
During the Brazilian summer, from 29 December 2024, to 6 March 2025, a large cluster of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks was reported along the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, peaking in January 2025. Overall, 55 outbreaks involving 755...
The international spread of HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 raises concerns due to its association with contraindications for long-acting injectable formulations of cabotegravir (LA-CAB) and rilpivirine (LA-RPV). This study investigated its increasing proportio...
The gut microbiota, often referred to as the “forgotten organ”, plays an indispensable role in maintaining host physiological metabolism, immune function, and nutrient absorption. Moreover, the gut microbiome serves as a critical biologic...
Paraspeckles are subnuclear ribonucleoprotein condensates that regulate host stress responses, including those triggered by viral infection. In vitro studies using non-neuronal cells have shown the involvement of specific paraspeckle components in fa...
Significant advances in microscopy methods for biomedical applications have been made in the past two decades, and these methods are now being actively pursued for virus research [...]
This study investigated the role of microglia-derived insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in modulating host defense and disease progression in a viral model of neuroinflammation and demyelination. Intracranial infection of susceptible mice with the...
This study applied a syndemic framework to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection during the 2014–2015 Colombian epidemic, integrating biological and social determinants. Methods: A community-based cohort of 279 serologically confirmed adults from...
Infection by neurotropic alphaviruses such as the Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes extensive inflammation in the central nervous system and tissue damage, including disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Neuroinflammation a...
The hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolves rapidly, with glycosylation driving immune evasion. However, how host microenvironmental cues influence this process remains poorly understood. We identified a novel N-linked glycosylation site...
The innate immune system serves as the primary barrier against viral invasion, utilizing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to orchestrate a rapid defense. Among these, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) containing proteins...
Background and Aims: Understanding regulatory interactions between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and host factors is essential for the development of next generation host-directed antiviral therapies and the achievement of a functional HBV cure. Here, we i...
Phage therapy has enormous potential in combating bacterial resistance in food animals. However, its application via the oral route remains limited due to challenges associated with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) environment and a lack of rigorous...
RNA viruses encode multiple layers of regulatory information within their genomes, extending beyond their protein-coding sequences. Through local secondary structures and long-range RNA–RNA interactions, viral RNAs control essential steps of th...
HIV is primarily acquired in women at the female genital mucosa through heterosexual contact. Mucosal immune cells reside adjacent to, within, below, and distant from the epithelium that lines the surface of the female genital tract (FGT) mucosa. Inn...
Mosquito-borne diseases are a major global health concern, infecting up to 700 million people annually and causing over one million deaths. Of the several genera of biting mosquitoes, species of Anopheles are mostly studied for their ability (vector...
HIV-1 integrase (IN) strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are central to modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) because of their high potency and durable effect on viral suppression. However, drug resistance mutations (DRMs) within HIV-1 IN emerge, which...
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are among of the key population groups that have been disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic globally. Hence, MSM living with HIV may experience unique challenges leading to their disengagement from and re-eng...
It has been reported that chronic infection of human norovirus (HuNoV) may potentially serve as a reservoir for viral variants with the possibility to evade population immunity or alter the binding sites of HBGA receptors. In this study, a child diag...
The Republic of Korea has implemented routine vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in livestock using a bivalent vaccine comprising serotypes O and A following the massive FMD outbreak in 2010, while antigens for the remaining sero...
The caliciviruses include important human and animal pathogens such as norovirus, sapovirus and feline calicivirus. Viral reverse genetics is performed to understand the fundamental biology of these viruses, as well as a potential route to generate l...
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