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Volume 13
Issue 3
10.3390/v13030425
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Article

The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2

by
Javed Akhter
1,2,†,
Grégory Quéromès
3,†,
Krishna Pillai
2,†,
Vahan Kepenekian
1,4,†,
Samina Badar
1,5,
Ahmed H. Mekkawy
1,2,5,
Emilie Frobert
3,6,‡,
Sarah J. Valle
1,2,5,‡ and
David L. Morris
1,2,5,*,‡
1
Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
2
Mucpharm Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
3
CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPatH, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
4
Hospices Civils de Lyon, EMR 3738 (CICLY), Lyon 1 Université, F-69921 Lyon, France
5
St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
6
Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69004 Lyon, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2021, 13(3), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030425
Submission received: 31 January 2021 / Revised: 25 February 2021 / Accepted: 1 March 2021 / Published: 6 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Therapeutics against Coronaviruses)
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Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of a worldwide pandemic, currently with limited therapeutic options. The spike glycoprotein and envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2, containing disulfide bridges for stabilization, represent an attractive target as they are essential for binding to the ACE2 receptor in host cells present in the nasal mucosa. Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) has synergistic action against glycoproteins by breakage of glycosidic linkages and disulfide bonds. We sought to determine the effect of BromAc on the spike and envelope proteins and its potential to reduce infectivity in host cells. Recombinant spike and envelope SARS-CoV-2 proteins were disrupted by BromAc. Spike and envelope protein disulfide bonds were reduced by Acetylcysteine. In in vitro whole virus culture of both wild-type and spike mutants, SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated a concentration-dependent inactivation from BromAc treatment but not from single agents. Clinical testing through nasal administration in patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection is imminent.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Bromelain; Acetylcysteine; BromAc; drug repurposing SARS-CoV-2; Bromelain; Acetylcysteine; BromAc; drug repurposing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Akhter, J.; Quéromès, G.; Pillai, K.; Kepenekian, V.; Badar, S.; Mekkawy, A.H.; Frobert, E.; Valle, S.J.; Morris, D.L. The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2021, 13, 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030425

AMA Style

Akhter J, Quéromès G, Pillai K, Kepenekian V, Badar S, Mekkawy AH, Frobert E, Valle SJ, Morris DL. The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2. Viruses. 2021; 13(3):425. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030425

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akhter, Javed, Grégory Quéromès, Krishna Pillai, Vahan Kepenekian, Samina Badar, Ahmed H. Mekkawy, Emilie Frobert, Sarah J. Valle, and David L. Morris. 2021. "The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2" Viruses 13, no. 3: 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030425

APA Style

Akhter, J., Quéromès, G., Pillai, K., Kepenekian, V., Badar, S., Mekkawy, A. H., Frobert, E., Valle, S. J., & Morris, D. L. (2021). The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2. Viruses, 13(3), 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030425

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