Dahurian larch (
Larix gmelinii) is the dominant tree species in boreal forests, and its photosynthetic response to climate warming is important in modeling and predicting carbon cycling for boreal forest ecosystems. In 1983, seedlings of
L. gmelinii from 11 provenances were transplanted into two common gardens with different climate conditions (control and warming climate). Forty years after the transplant, we investigated the response of leaf photosynthetic capacity to climate warming and its variation among provenances. The warming treatment significantly increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate (
Pmax-a), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), maximum carboxylation rate (
Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate (
Jmax), triose phosphate utilization rate (
TPU), mesophyll conductance (
gm), leaf nitrogen content (N
area), and chlorophyll content (Chl
m).
Pmax-a was significantly positively associated with
Vcmax,
Jmax,
TPU,
gm, and N
area, and the slope of the linear regression between
Pmax-a and
Vcmax,
Jmax, and
TPU was greater in the warming treatment. The responses of
Pmax-a, PNUE,
Vcmax,
Jmax,
TPU, N
area, and Chl
m to warming differed among provenances. As the aridity index of the original site increased, the magnitude of the warming treatment’s effect on
Pmax-a,
Vcmax,
Jmax, and
TPU represented a varying form of a bell-shaped curve. Overall, the warming treatment improved the photosynthetic capacity of
L.
gmelinii, but the extent of the improvement varied among provenances. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the responses of
L.
gmelinii to climate warming.
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