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10.3390/ma18132969
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Article

Mechanical Properties and Material Characteristics of 3D-Printed Titanium Capsules for Cancer Drug Delivery Applications

by
Katarzyna Kazimierska-Drobny
1,*,
Grzegorz Szala
1,
Janusz Musiał
1,
Marek Macko
1,
Tomasz Karasiewicz
2 and
Jakub Lewandowski
1
1
Faculty of Mechatronics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Mikolaj Kopernik 1 Street, 85-074 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2
Faculty of Material Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Mikolaj Kopernik 1 Street, 85-074 Bydgoszcz, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(13), 2969; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18132969
Submission received: 4 May 2025 / Revised: 11 June 2025 / Accepted: 13 June 2025 / Published: 23 June 2025
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the mechanical and material properties of porous titanium capsules, produced by 3D printing via the DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) technique based on their potential application as carriers for anticancer drugs. The study used capsules made from the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and analyzes the impact of geometric parameters, structural features, and printing angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) on their compressive strength. A total of 36 capsules were tested, 18 of type KTD and 18 of type KTM, each in two loading directions. The surface roughness and damage characteristics resulting from mechanical loading have also been evaluated. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Student’s t-test. The results show that the capsules printed at an angle of 45° are characterized by the highest compressive strength, while their resistance significantly exceeds the values typical of human bone tissue. Additionally, the observed damage does not lead to the formation of sharp edges or loose fragments, which confirms the safety of their use in the body. The high surface roughness promotes tissue integration and limits capsule migration after implantation. The analyses confirm the potential of 3D-printed titanium capsules as effective and safe drug carriers in personalized anticancer therapy.
Keywords: 3D-printed titanium capsules; Ti-6Al-4V; DMLS; biomedical implants 3D-printed titanium capsules; Ti-6Al-4V; DMLS; biomedical implants

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kazimierska-Drobny, K.; Szala, G.; Musiał, J.; Macko, M.; Karasiewicz, T.; Lewandowski, J. Mechanical Properties and Material Characteristics of 3D-Printed Titanium Capsules for Cancer Drug Delivery Applications. Materials 2025, 18, 2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18132969

AMA Style

Kazimierska-Drobny K, Szala G, Musiał J, Macko M, Karasiewicz T, Lewandowski J. Mechanical Properties and Material Characteristics of 3D-Printed Titanium Capsules for Cancer Drug Delivery Applications. Materials. 2025; 18(13):2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18132969

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazimierska-Drobny, Katarzyna, Grzegorz Szala, Janusz Musiał, Marek Macko, Tomasz Karasiewicz, and Jakub Lewandowski. 2025. "Mechanical Properties and Material Characteristics of 3D-Printed Titanium Capsules for Cancer Drug Delivery Applications" Materials 18, no. 13: 2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18132969

APA Style

Kazimierska-Drobny, K., Szala, G., Musiał, J., Macko, M., Karasiewicz, T., & Lewandowski, J. (2025). Mechanical Properties and Material Characteristics of 3D-Printed Titanium Capsules for Cancer Drug Delivery Applications. Materials, 18(13), 2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18132969

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