Energies, Volume 11, Issue 2

In this paper, a modulation strategy of a 3 × 5 modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) is proposed. The circuit of 3 × 5 M3C is firstly introduced. Then, operation rules of 3 × 5 M3C are illustrated, and a connection pattern of branches is determi...

This paper introduces a brief analysis on hosting capacity and related concepts as applied to distribution network systems. Furthermore, it addresses the applicability of hosting capacity study methodologies to harmonic voltage distortion caused by p...

Electric power utilities across the globe are facing higher demand for electricity than ever before, while juggling to balance environmental conservation with transmission corridor expansions. Demand side management (DSM) and dynamic thermal rating s...

In this paper, the gas relative permeability considering slippage effect has been experimentally examined under various experimental conditions (i.e., ambient, high confining pressure, and high temperature). Experimentally, Klinkenberg permeabilities...

Self-consumption of household photovoltaic (PV) storage systems has become profitable for residential owners under the trends of limited feed-in power and decreasing PV feed-in tariffs. For individual PV-storage systems, the challenge mainly lies in...

The electromagnetic transient simulation of a power system with nonlinear characteristics is very time-consuming due to numerous inversion calculations of the admittance matrix. To speed up the simulation of the power system with nonlinear characteri...

In order to study switching transients in an offshore wind farm (OWF) collector system, we employ modeling methods of the main components in OWFs, including vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs), submarine cables, and wind turbine transformers (WTTs). In pa...

The three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) is de facto standard in power conversion systems. To realize high power density systems, one of the items to be correctly addressed is the design and selection of the dc-link capacitor in relation to the...

In order to estimate the diesel particulate filter (DPF) soot load and improve the accuracy of regeneration timing, a novel method based on an equivalent circuit model is proposed based on the electric-fluid analogy. This proposed method can reduce t...

Micro-wind turbines are energy conversion technologies strongly affected by fatigue, as a result of their size and the variability of loads, induced by the unsteady wind conditions, and modulated by a very high rotational speed. This work is devoted...

The exploitation potential of shallow geothermal energy is usually defined in terms of site-specific ground thermal characteristics. While true, this assumption limits the complexity of the analysis, since feasibility studies involve many other compo...

Considering the aim of having low switching losses, especially in medium-voltage and high-power converters, the pre-programmed pulse width modulation technique is very useful because the generated harmonic content can be known in advance and optimize...

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods are used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to continually maximize the PV array output power, which strongly depends on both solar radiation and cell temperature. The PV power oscillations around the maximum pow...

Underground coal gasification (UCG) proceeds generally in the presence of an ash layer on coal (or char) surface. The ash layer increases the mass transfer resistance of O₂ to the gasification surface, which may become the limiting step of whole proc...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have shown great potential in the area of multi-megawatt wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). However, the studies in this area are few, and most of them r...

Photovoltaic pumping is considered to be the most used application amongst other photovoltaic energy applications in isolated sites. This technology is developing with a slow progression to allow the photovoltaic system to operate at its maximum powe...

Dairy cattle farms are continuously developing more intensive systems of management, which require higher utilization of durable and non-durable inputs. These inputs are responsible for significant direct and indirect fossil energy requirements, whic...

The capacity of an energy storage device configuration not only affects the economic operation of a microgrid, but also affects the power supply’s reliability. An isolated microgrid is considered with typical loads, renewable energy resources, and a...

In this paper, a static state observer algorithm based on the static equilibrium position is proposed, which can realize accurate control of electric vehicle height adjustment with existing road excitation. The existence of road excitation can lead t...

For the disintegration and extraction of microalgae to produce lipids and biofuels, a novel processing technology was investigated. The utilization of a hydrothermal treatment was tested on four different microalgae species (Scenedesmus rubescens, Ch...

Dairy cattle farms are continuously developing more intensive systems of management which require higher utilization of durable and not-durable inputs. These inputs are responsible of significant direct and indirect fossil energy requirements which a...

Magnetic-resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) has become a reliable contactless source of power for a wide range of applications. WPT spans different power levels ranging from low-power implantable devices up to high-power electric vehicles (EV) ba...

Responsible, efficient and environmentally aware energy consumption behavior is becoming a necessity for the reliable modern electricity grid. In this paper, we present an intelligent data mining model to analyze, forecast and visualize energy time s...

The share price has become a very important indicator for shareholders, banks, and financial institutions evaluating the performance of companies. The oil and gas industry seems to be in a difficult era of development, due to the market prices for it...

Energy produced from plant residue composting has stimulated great interest in heat recovery and utilization. Composting is an exothermic process often controlled through temperature measurements. However, energy analysis of the overall composting sy...

Rapid reduction in the price of photovoltaic (solar PV) cells and modules has resulted in a rapid increase in solar system deployments to an annual expected capacity of 200 GW by 2020. Achieving high PV cell and module efficiency is necessary for man...

Demand is soaring for data centers with advanced data-processing capabilities. In data centers with high-temperature information technology (IT) equipment, enormous cooling systems are operated year-round. To date, studies have aimed to improve the c...

This paper presents a review of ensemble-based data assimilation for strongly nonlinear problems on the characterization of heterogeneous reservoirs with different production histories. It concentrates on ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and ensemble sm...

Winding design methods have been a subject of research for many years of the past century. Many methods have been developed, each one characterized by some advantages and drawbacks. Nowadays, the star of slots is the most widespread design tool for e...

Inductive-capacitive-inductive (LCL)-type filters are currently preferred as a replacement for L-type filters in distributed generation (DG) power systems, due to their superior harmonic attenuation capability. However, the third-order dynamics intro...

The paper presents a particular Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategy to reduce the (Direct Current) DC-link capacitor stress for multi-n-phase drives. A multi-n-phase drive is composed of multiple independent systems of n inverter supplying a multi-...

The existing optimization approaches regarding network-constrained unit commitment with large wind power integration face great difficulties in reconciling the two crucial but contradictory objectives: computational efficiency and the economy of the...

Two challenges exist for modeling gas transport in shale. One is the existence of complex gas transport mechanisms, and the other is the impact of hydraulic fracture networks. In this study, a truly three dimensional semianalytical model was develope...

Power balance, including active and reactive power, between the system supply and the demand from induction motor loads is a potentially necessary condition for system stable operation. Motion of system states depends on the balancing of active and r...

In this paper, a model and solution approach for minimizing internal power losses in Transformers Connected in Parallel (TCP) with tap-changers is proposed. The model is based on power chargeability balance and seeks to keep the load voltage within a...

This paper proposes a method to stabilize and enhance the dynamic performance of a cascaded DC-DC system by adaptively reshaping the source output impedance. The method aims to reduce the ratio of the source output impedance to the load input impedan...

The introduction of non-conventional energy sources (NCES) to industrial processes is a viable alternative to reducing the energy consumed from the grid. However, a robust coordination of the local energy resources with the power imported from the di...

Wind catchers are one of the oldest cooling systems that are employed to provide sufficient natural ventilation in buildings. In this study, a laboratory scale wind catcher was equipped with a combined evaporative system. The designed assembly was co...

An advanced traction power supply system based on a single phase neutral-point-clamped (NPC) cascaded inverter is studied. The big triangular carrier equivalence method in double coordinate system is proposed, which can reduce one coordinate system,...

There is a growing interest in the application of microgrids around the world because of their potential for achieving a flexible, reliable, efficient and smart electrical grid system and supplying energy to off-grid communities, including their econ...

With the development of fuel cell vehicle technology, an effective testing method that can be applied to develop and verify the fuel cell vehicle powertrain system is urgently required. This paper presents the X-in-the-Loop (XiL) testing method in th...

This paper proposes a network splitting strategy following critical line outages based on N-1 contingency analysis. Network splitting is the best option for certain critical outages when the tendency of severe cascading failures is very high. Network...

In light of the development of renewable energy and concerns over environmental protection, distributed generations (DGs) have become a trend in distribution systems. In addition, fault current limiters (FCLs) may be installed in such systems to prev...

Coalbed methane (gas) is a high quality and clean resource, but it also causes disasters in coal mines in China. The low permeability of coal seams is the main reason that developing coalbed methane (CBM) as an energy resource is difficult, so increa...

The strategic European paper “Flightpath 2050” claims dramatic reductions of noise for aviation transport scenarios in 2050: “...The perceived noise emission of flying aircraft is reduced by 65%. These are relative to the capabilities of typical new...

The massive emission of low concentrations (≤0.5%) of methane (CH₄) from ventilation roadways results in resource waste and environmental pollution. To mitigate these emissions, an enrichment tower for low-concentration methane is designed, and segre...

Arcing horns are widely used in high voltage overhead lines to protect insulator strings from being destroyed by the free burning arcs caused by lightening faults. In this paper, we focus on the insulation coordination of arcing horns on the electrod...

Due to the high price of fossil fuels, the increased carbon footprint in conventional generation units and the intermittent functionality of renewable units, alternative sources must contribute to the load frequency control (LFC) of the power system....

Electric vehicles (EV) and photovoltaic (PV) generation are widely recognized around the world. Most EV owners in the major Chinese cities are forced to charge their EV batteries at the workplace during the daytime due to the limited space near their...

Frequency security is vital to the safety of power systems and has been scrutinized for many years. The conventional frequency security analysis only checks whether the frequency after anticipated initial failures can remain in the normal range based...