Validation of the English Version of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI-E)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Development of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory in the English Language
2.2. Participants and Study Design
2.3. Study Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics of the GDBI-E
3.2. Sample Description and Descriptive Statistics
3.3. Inferential Statistical Analyses of GDBI-E Score and Sociodemographic Variables
3.4. Construct and Criterion Validation: GDBI-E Score Intercorrelations
3.5. Construct and Criterion Validation: Cluster Analysis and Cluster Assignment Intercorrelations
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Strengths
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Mean | SD | Skew | Response Distribution | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
db1 | 3.48 | 1.19 | −0.30 | 3% | 25% | 14% | 35% | 22% |
db2 | 2.68 | 1.61 | 0.29 | 38% | 16% | 9% | 17% | 21% |
db3 | 4.43 | 0.97 | −1.77 | 2% | 6% | 6% | 19% | 67% |
db4 | 3.99 | 1.08 | −0.80 | 2% | 11% | 17% | 29% | 42% |
db5 | 4.20 | 0.91 | −1.08 | 1% | 5% | 13% | 35% | 46% |
db6 | 3.41 | 1.26 | −0.32 | 8% | 17% | 24% | 26% | 24% |
db7 | 3.93 | 1.21 | −0.91 | 6% | 8% | 20% | 22% | 45% |
db8 | 2.74 | 1.25 | 0.22 | 19% | 28% | 23% | 20% | 10% |
db9 | 3.68 | 1.07 | −0.54 | 3% | 12% | 23% | 37% | 25% |
db10 | 3.93 | 1.23 | −0.98 | 5% | 13% | 9% | 29% | 44% |
db11 | 4.04 | 1.28 | −1.19 | 7% | 10% | 8% | 24% | 52% |
db12 | 2.72 | 0.95 | −0.10 | 12% | 23% | 48% | 14% | 3% |
db13 | 3.34 | 1.26 | −0.24 | 9% | 19% | 25% | 25% | 22% |
db14 | 3.70 | 1.46 | −0.67 | 11% | 16% | 10% | 17% | 46% |
db15 | 2.51 | 1.37 | 0.42 | 32% | 24% | 16% | 18% | 10% |
db16 | 3.36 | 1.31 | −0.28 | 10% | 20% | 20% | 25% | 25% |
GDBI-E score | 56.14 | 7.62 | −0.46 |
Variable | n | % | Missing n (%) | GDBI-E Score Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 20 (8%) | |||
Female | 206 | 78% | 56.5 (7.4) | |
Male | 37 | 14% | 54.8 (7.8) | |
Marital status | 21 (8%) | |||
Married | 90 | 34% | 56.0 (7.1) | |
Living in a relationship | 70 | 27% | 55.6 (8.3) | |
Single | 74 | 28% | 56.7 (6.8) | |
Other | 8 | 3% | 59.4 (9.3) | |
Educational degree | 21 (8%) | |||
High school | 18 | 7% | 55.7 (7.2) | |
College | 20 | 8% | 54.3 (6.3) | |
Vocational training | 13 | 5% | 57.3 (6.8) | |
Bachelor’s degree or equivalent | 103 | 39% | 56.3 (7.4) | |
Master’s degree or equivalent | 63 | 24% | 56.7 (7.2) | |
Doctorate/PhD | 20 | 8% | 55.0 (10.3) | |
Other | 5 | 2% | 57.8 (7.7) | |
General diet | 16 (6%) | |||
Omnivore diet | 123 | 47% | 56.1 (7.2) | |
Vegetarian diet | 31 | 12% | 53.1 (9.1) | |
Vegan diet | 76 | 29% | 58.1 (6.7) | |
Other | 17 | 6% | 54.8 (7.7) | |
Food intolerance | 16 (6%) | |||
No | 198 | 75% | 55.7 (7.1) | |
Yes | 49 | 19% | 58.3 (8.5) | |
Continent | 20 (8%) | |||
Africa | 32 | 12% | 55.5 (6.4) | |
Asia | 13 | 5% | 55.6 (7.5) | |
Australia and Oceania | 35 | 13% | 56.2 (7.5) | |
Europe | 128 | 49% | 56.6 (7.5) | |
North America | 33 | 13% | 55.5 (8.3) | |
South America | 2 | 1% | 62.0 (2.8) | |
Native language | 20 (8%) | |||
English | 171 | 65% | 56.0 (7.3) | |
Other | 72 | 27% | 56.8 (7.8) |
Scales | GDBI-E Score |
---|---|
convergent validity | |
attitude towards healthy food | 0.33 *** |
nutrition knowledge | 0.19 ** |
discriminant validity | |
interpersonal trust | 0.13 * |
belief about a just world | 0.01 |
criterion validity | |
BMI | −0.17 ** |
life satisfaction | 0.15 * |
physical health | 0.27 *** |
mental health | 0.31 *** |
Scales | GDBI-E Cluster |
---|---|
convergent validity | |
attitude towards healthy food | 0.26 *** |
nutrition knowledge | 0.25 *** |
discriminant validity | |
interpersonal trust | 0.10 |
belief about a just world | −0.06 |
criterion validity | |
BMI | −0.15 * |
life satisfaction | 0.18 ** |
physical health | 0.21 *** |
mental health | 0.25 *** |
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Marsall, M.; Engelmann, G.; Skoda, E.-M.; Stroebele-Benschop, N.; Teufel, M.; Bäuerle, A. Validation of the English Version of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI-E). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052883
Marsall M, Engelmann G, Skoda E-M, Stroebele-Benschop N, Teufel M, Bäuerle A. Validation of the English Version of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI-E). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052883
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarsall, Matthias, Gerrit Engelmann, Eva-Maria Skoda, Nanette Stroebele-Benschop, Martin Teufel, and Alexander Bäuerle. 2022. "Validation of the English Version of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI-E)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5: 2883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052883