Stability of Attention Performance of Adults with ADHD over Time: Evidence from Repeated Neuropsychological Assessments in One-Month Intervals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Materials
2.2.1. Self-Report Scales of ADHD Symptoms
2.2.2. Assessment of Selective Attention and Vigilance
Selective Attention
Vigilance
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Future Directions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adults with ADHD (n = 21) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (Male/Female) | 8/13 | ||||
Education (1/2/3/4/5/6) a | 0/1/8/6/5/1 | ||||
Min | Max | Median | Mean | SD | |
Age (in years) b | 20 | 65 | 47.5 | 46.1 | 11.6 |
Childhood ADHD symptoms c | 11 | 57 | 41 | 39.3 | 13.1 |
Current ADHD symptoms d | |||||
Inattention | 1 | 22 | 13 | 13.2 | 6.2 |
Hyperactivity/Impulsivity | 3 | 24 | 13 | 12.2 | 6.0 |
Total symptoms | 6 | 46 | 25 | 25.5 | 10.7 |
Attention Performance Test Scores | T1 | T2 | T3 | Friedman Test | Pairwise Comparisons a | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 vs. T2 | T1 vs. T3 | T2 vs. T3 | ||||||||||||
Median | IQR | % Below Average b | Median | IQR | % Below Average b | Median | IQR | % Below Average b | X2 | p | Cohen’s rc | Cohen’s rc | Cohen’s rc | |
Selective attention d—RT | 394.00 | 158.00 | 23.8 | 354.00 | 136.00 | 14.29 | 339.00 | 166.50 | 21.05 | 0.12 | 0.94 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.12 |
Selective attention d—SDRT | 1.24 | 0.12 | 19.05 | 1.20 | 0.07 | 10.53 | 1.25 | 0.10 | 17.65 | 0.92 | 0.63 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.25 |
Selective attention d—Omissions | 0 | 1.00 | 19.05 | 0 | 0.75 | 15.00 | 0 | 0.25 | 16.67 | 0.26 | 0.88 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
Selective attention e | 33.33 | 19.04 | 36.84 | |||||||||||
Vigilance f—RT | 440.00 | 109.50 | 15.00 | 421.00 | 150.00 | 23.81 | 434.00 | 163.00 | 21.05 | 3.35 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.05 |
Vigilance f—SDRT | 1.24 | 0.08 | 5.26 | 1.24 | 0.09 | 5.26 | 1.21 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.52 | 0.77 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.08 |
Vigilance f—Omissions | 0 | 1.00 | 15.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 9.52 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0 | 0.35 | 0.84 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
Vigilance e | 20.00 | 38.10 | 21.05 |
Attention Performance Test Scores | T1–T2 a | T1–T3 a | T2–T3 a | % Consistent Test Score Interpretations across the Three Assessments | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | M | % Consistent Test Score Interpretations b | rc | Range | M | % Consistent Test Score Interpretations b | rc | Range | M | % Consistent Test Score Interpretations b | rc | ||
Selective attention d—RT | 2–17 | 5.86 | 81 | 0.828 * | 0–19 | 4.95 | 79 | 0.833 * | 0–9 | 4.58 | 95 | 0.927 * | 79 |
Selective attention d—SDRT | 1–23 | 8.79 | 89 | 0.369 | 1–22 | 7.82 | 76 | 0.556 | 0–21 | 8.00 | 88 | 0.265 | 75 |
Selective attention d—Omissions | 0–23 | 4.10 | 80 | 0.569 * | 0–23 | 4.78 | 83 | 0.489 | 0–14 | 3.24 | 100 | 0.592 * | 82 |
Vigilance e—RT | 0–17 | 4.35 | 80 | 0.779 * | 0–29 | 6.05 | 84 | 0.591 * | 0–13 | 5.53 | 84 | 0.784 * | 74 |
Vigilance e—SDRT | 1–24 | 8.59 | 88 | 0.379 | 2–19 | 6.65 | 95 | 0.441 | 1–33 | 8.88 | 94 | 0.238 | 88 |
Vigilance e—Omissions | 0–23 | 5.85 | 75 | 0.465 | 0–23 | 5.95 | 85 | 0.221 | 0–23 | 5.05 | 89 | 0.290 | 74 |
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Guo, N.; Koerts, J.; Tucha, L.; Fetter, I.; Biela, C.; König, M.; Bossert, M.; Diener, C.; Aschenbrenner, S.; Weisbrod, M.; et al. Stability of Attention Performance of Adults with ADHD over Time: Evidence from Repeated Neuropsychological Assessments in One-Month Intervals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215234
Guo N, Koerts J, Tucha L, Fetter I, Biela C, König M, Bossert M, Diener C, Aschenbrenner S, Weisbrod M, et al. Stability of Attention Performance of Adults with ADHD over Time: Evidence from Repeated Neuropsychological Assessments in One-Month Intervals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):15234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215234
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Nana, Janneke Koerts, Lara Tucha, Isabel Fetter, Christina Biela, Miriam König, Magdalena Bossert, Carsten Diener, Steffen Aschenbrenner, Matthias Weisbrod, and et al. 2022. "Stability of Attention Performance of Adults with ADHD over Time: Evidence from Repeated Neuropsychological Assessments in One-Month Intervals" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 15234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215234