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Article

Timing of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Ossification in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

1
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Orthodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
2
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research of Coimbra (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(23), 8889; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238889
Received: 3 October 2020 / Revised: 19 November 2020 / Accepted: 25 November 2020 / Published: 29 November 2020
Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) can affect the development of the maxilla; which may create a midfacial deficiency as well as an interference of the facial growth pattern and dentofacial esthetics. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the chronological age of complete fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) in cleft lip and palate patients and a control group; using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: In this retrospective study; 125 patients were enrolled (cleft lip and palate group (n = 91); control group (n = 34)). Age comparison was made with a chi-square test; and a Kaplan–Meier analysis determined the median time to reach complete fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (p < 0.05). Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant differences in the median time for complete ossification between males and females (p = 0.019). The median time for complete ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was; for males; 15.0 years in both groups; for females; it was 14.0 years and 13.0 years in the experimental group and in the control group; respectively. Both for males and females; there were no statistically significant differences between experimental and control groups (p = 0.104). Conclusions: The present study showed no differences in the ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis between individuals with and without cleft lip and/or palate. View Full-Text
Keywords: cleft lip; cleft palate; cone beam computed tomography cleft lip; cleft palate; cone beam computed tomography
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MDPI and ACS Style

Vale, F.; Francisco, I.; Lucas, A.; Roseiro, A.; Caramelo, F.; Sobral, A. Timing of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Ossification in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8889. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238889

AMA Style

Vale F, Francisco I, Lucas A, Roseiro A, Caramelo F, Sobral A. Timing of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Ossification in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(23):8889. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238889

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vale, Francisco, Inês Francisco, António Lucas, Ana Roseiro, Francisco Caramelo, and Adriana Sobral. 2020. "Timing of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Ossification in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8889. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238889

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