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Volume 16
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10.3390/ijerph16203969
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Article

Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Related to Spatial Differences in Human Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases in the Czech Republic

by
Helena Modrá
1,*,
Vít Ulmann
2,
Jan Caha
1,
Dana Hübelová
1,
Ondřej Konečný
1,
Jana Svobodová
3,
Ross Tim Weston
4 and
Ivo Pavlík
1
1
Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
2
Public Health Institute Ostrava, Partyzanske Nam. 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
3
IFCOR Klinicke Laboratore Ltd., Vinicni 235, 615 00 Brno, Czech Republic
4
Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Science Dr, Bundoora, Melbourne VIC 3086, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(20), 3969; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203969
Submission received: 12 September 2019 / Accepted: 16 October 2019 / Published: 17 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Disease Epidemiology)
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Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental bacteria that can induce pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases in susceptible persons. It is reported that the prevalence of NTM diseases is increasing in developed countries, but this differs by regions and countries. NTM species distribution and the rate of diseases caused by NTM vary widely in the historical territories of Moravia and Silesia (Czech Republic). This epidemiologic study of NTM diseases covers the period 2012–2018, reviews isolates obtained from patients with clinical disease and investigates correlations with related socio-economic and environmental factors. Individual NTM patients were included only once during the studied period and results were presented as incidence rate per year. The most frequently isolated NTM meeting the microbiological and clinical criteria in the study were the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, followed by Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium xenopi. A previously described endemic incidence of M. kansasii in the Karviná district and M. xenopi in the Ostrava district was also observed in this study. The incidence of NTM patients in the whole studied territory was 1.10/100,000 inhabitants (1.33/100,000 in men and 0.88/100,000 in women). The annual incidence of lymphadenitis in children (≤5 years of age) was 2.35/100,000 of the population of children during the 7 year period but increased in the year 2018 to 5.95/100,000. The rate of human tuberculosis in the studied area was 1.97/100,000 inhabitants. The incidence of NTM pulmonary diseases correlated with a lower socio-economic status (r = 0.63) and a higher concentration of benzo[a]pyrene pollution in the air (r = 0.64).
Keywords: mining; occupational exposure; Mycobacterium chelonae; heavy industry; mycobacteriosis; social deprivation mining; occupational exposure; Mycobacterium chelonae; heavy industry; mycobacteriosis; social deprivation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Modrá, H.; Ulmann, V.; Caha, J.; Hübelová, D.; Konečný, O.; Svobodová, J.; Weston, R.T.; Pavlík, I. Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Related to Spatial Differences in Human Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases in the Czech Republic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203969

AMA Style

Modrá H, Ulmann V, Caha J, Hübelová D, Konečný O, Svobodová J, Weston RT, Pavlík I. Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Related to Spatial Differences in Human Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases in the Czech Republic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(20):3969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203969

Chicago/Turabian Style

Modrá, Helena, Vít Ulmann, Jan Caha, Dana Hübelová, Ondřej Konečný, Jana Svobodová, Ross Tim Weston, and Ivo Pavlík. 2019. "Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Related to Spatial Differences in Human Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases in the Czech Republic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20: 3969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203969

APA Style

Modrá, H., Ulmann, V., Caha, J., Hübelová, D., Konečný, O., Svobodová, J., Weston, R. T., & Pavlík, I. (2019). Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Related to Spatial Differences in Human Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases in the Czech Republic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20), 3969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203969

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