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Article

A Predictive Model for Steady State Ozone Concentration at an Urban-Coastal Site

by
Mansour A. Alghamdi
1,
Afnan Al-Hunaiti
2,
Sharif Arar
2,
Mamdouh Khoder
1,
Ahmad S. Abdelmaksoud
1,
Hisham Al-Jeelani
1,
Heikki Lihavainen
3,
Antti Hyvärinen
3,
Ibrahim I. Shabbaj
1,
Fahd M. Almehmadi
1,
Martha A. Zaidan
4,
Tareq Hussein
4,5 and
Lubna Dada
4,*
1
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
3
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
4
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
5
Department of Physics, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(2), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020258
Submission received: 27 September 2018 / Revised: 12 January 2019 / Accepted: 15 January 2019 / Published: 17 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population Dynamics, Climate Change and Technology Nexus on Human Health)
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Abstract

Ground level ozone (O3) plays an important role in controlling the oxidation budget in the boundary layer and thus affects the environment and causes severe health disorders. Ozone gas, being one of the well-known greenhouse gases, although present in small quantities, contributes to global warming. In this study, we present a predictive model for the steady-state ozone concentrations during daytime (13:00–17:00) and nighttime (01:00–05:00) at an urban coastal site. The model is based on a modified approach of the null cycle of O3 and NOx and was evaluated against a one-year data-base of O3 and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) measured at an urban coastal site in Jeddah, on the west coast of Saudi Arabia. The model for daytime concentrations was found to be linearly dependent on the concentration ratio of NO2 to NO whereas that for the nighttime period was suggested to be inversely proportional to NO2 concentrations. Knowing that reactions involved in tropospheric O3 formation are very complex, this proposed model provides reasonable predictions for the daytime and nighttime concentrations. Since the current description of the model is solely based on the null cycle of O3 and NOx, other precursors could be considered in future development of this model. This study will serve as basis for future studies that might introduce informing strategies to control ground level O3 concentrations, as well as its precursors’ emissions.
Keywords: chemical coupling; nitrogen oxides; ozone; weekend effect chemical coupling; nitrogen oxides; ozone; weekend effect

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Alghamdi, M.A.; Al-Hunaiti, A.; Arar, S.; Khoder, M.; Abdelmaksoud, A.S.; Al-Jeelani, H.; Lihavainen, H.; Hyvärinen, A.; Shabbaj, I.I.; Almehmadi, F.M.; et al. A Predictive Model for Steady State Ozone Concentration at an Urban-Coastal Site. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020258

AMA Style

Alghamdi MA, Al-Hunaiti A, Arar S, Khoder M, Abdelmaksoud AS, Al-Jeelani H, Lihavainen H, Hyvärinen A, Shabbaj II, Almehmadi FM, et al. A Predictive Model for Steady State Ozone Concentration at an Urban-Coastal Site. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(2):258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020258

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alghamdi, Mansour A., Afnan Al-Hunaiti, Sharif Arar, Mamdouh Khoder, Ahmad S. Abdelmaksoud, Hisham Al-Jeelani, Heikki Lihavainen, Antti Hyvärinen, Ibrahim I. Shabbaj, Fahd M. Almehmadi, and et al. 2019. "A Predictive Model for Steady State Ozone Concentration at an Urban-Coastal Site" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2: 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020258

APA Style

Alghamdi, M. A., Al-Hunaiti, A., Arar, S., Khoder, M., Abdelmaksoud, A. S., Al-Jeelani, H., Lihavainen, H., Hyvärinen, A., Shabbaj, I. I., Almehmadi, F. M., Zaidan, M. A., Hussein, T., & Dada, L. (2019). A Predictive Model for Steady State Ozone Concentration at an Urban-Coastal Site. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2), 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020258

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