Menopausal Age and Chronic Diseases in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Data Collection and Measures
2.2.1. Life-Style Factors
2.2.2. Menopausal Age
2.2.3. Poor Mental Health
2.2.4. Chronic Diseases
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Basic Subject Information
3.2. Chronic Diseases According to Menopausal Age
3.3. Effects of Different Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors on Menopausal Age
3.4. Effects of Menopausal Age on Chronic Diseases and Mental Health
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total (n) | Menopausal Age | Statistics | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤45 | 46–53 | ≥54 | |||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | χ2 | p | ||
Birth Year | 23.696 | 0.008 | |||||||
1948–1952 | 1034 | 145 | 13.4 | 736 | 72.8 | 153 | 13.8 | ||
1943–1947 | 579 | 108 | 20.2 | 390 | 67.3 | 81 | 12.5 | ||
1938–1942 | 331 | 60 | 16.5 | 239 | 73.0 | 32 | 10.5 | ||
1933–1937 | 155 | 38 | 25.4 | 99 | 63.2 | 18 | 11.4 | ||
Married/cohabitation | 1543 | 251 | 16.9 | 1075 | 70.0 | 217 | 13.0 | 1.080 | 0.663 |
Rural | 1070 | 179 | 16.9 | 755 | 70.7 | 136 | 12.4 | 0.163 | 0.936 |
Education ≤ 9 years | 1871 | 311 | 17.0 | 1321 | 71.2 | 239 | 11.8 | 10.276 | 0.015 |
Income | 1.376 | 0.890 | |||||||
High | 60 | 8 | 15.4 | 42 | 68.3 | 10 | 16.3 | ||
Middle | 895 | 153 | 17.7 | 634 | 70.3 | 108 | 12.1 | ||
Low | 1144 | 190 | 16.7 | 788 | 70.4 | 166 | 12.9 | ||
Physical laborer | 759 | 139 | 18.9 | 523 | 69.8 | 97 | 11.3 | 2.943 | 0.275 |
Current smoker | 363 | 71 | 19.9 | 267 | 73.0 | 25 | 7.1 | 11.650 | 0.009 |
Current drinker | 34 | 8 | 15.1 | 21 | 72.6 | 5 | 12.3 | 0.149 | 0.940 |
Irregular diet | 191 | 38 | 19.6 | 130 | 70.2 | 23 | 10.2 | 1.523 | 0.455 |
Lack of physical exercise | 756 | 122 | 16.6 | 536 | 71.5 | 98 | 11.9 | 0.864 | 0.733 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.169 | 0.003 | |||||||
<25 | 1154 | 193 | 17.2 | 833 | 73.0 | 128 | 9.9 | ||
25 to <30 | 787 | 131 | 17.5 | 534 | 67.8 | 122 | 14.8 | ||
≥30 | 158 | 27 | 15.4 | 97 | 63.7 | 34 | 20.9 |
Variable | Total (n) | Menopausal Age | Statistics | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤45 2 | 46–53 2 | ≥54 2 | |||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | χ2 | p | ||
Anemia | 60 | 9 | 15.5 | 44 | 73.9 | 7 | 10.5 | 0.443 | 0.813 |
Diabetes | 394 | 69 | 17.0 | 250 | 65.2 | 75 | 17.7 | 11.823 | 0.007 |
Hyperlipidemia | 1019 | 178 | 18.4 | 703 | 69.2 | 138 | 12.5 | 2.115 | 0.448 |
Hypertension | 1298 | 211 | 17.4 | 899 | 69.1 | 188 | 13.5 | 3.065 | 1.213 |
Ischemic heart disease | 631 | 114 | 18.2 | 437 | 70.5 | 80 | 11.3 | 1.869 | 0.498 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 363 | 65 | 18.8 | 256 | 70.0 | 42 | 11.2 | 1.215 | 0.594 |
COPD | 193 | 39 | 24.7 | 138 | 67.5 | 16 | 7.8 | 10.973 | 0.067 |
CGPU | 290 | 55 | 20.5 | 208 | 72.3 | 27 | 7.1 | 10.915 | 0.051 |
Cholecystitis/gallstone | 370 | 65 | 16.9 | 261 | 72.3 | 44 | 10.8 | 1.351 | 0.574 |
Arthritis | 434 | 87 | 20.4 | 295 | 68.8 | 52 | 10.9 | 4.531 | 0.154 |
Chronic low back pain | 408 | 71 | 17.8 | 276 | 68.9 | 61 | 13.3 | 0.488 | 0.816 |
Poor mental health | 644 | 122 | 19.5 | 448 | 69.7 | 74 | 10.8 | 8.634 | 0.033 |
Any disease 3 | 1972 | 328 | 17.2 | 1378 | 70.3 | 266 | 12.5 | 0.498 | 0.817 |
Variable | ≤45 vs. 46–53 (Years) | ≥54 vs. 46–53 (Years) |
---|---|---|
Birth Year | ||
1948–1952 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1943–1947 | 1.708 (1.205, 2.420) * | 0.943 (0.673, 1.321) |
1938–1942 | 1.340 (0.922, 1.946) | 0.794 (0.499, 1.264) |
1933–1937 | 2.445 (1.525, 3.921) * | 1.111 (0.620, 1.991) |
Married/cohabitation | 1.125 (0.815, 1.553) | 1.151 (0.801, 1.652) |
Rural | 0.905 (0.646, 1.268) | 1.051 (0.723, 1.529) |
Education ≤ 9 years | 0.729 (0.466, 1.139 | 0.515 (0.327, 0.812) * |
Income | ||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle | 1.079 (0.774, 1.506) | 0.769 (0.538, 1.099) |
High | 0.824 (0.353, 1.926) | 0.806 (0.361, 1.800) |
Physical laborer | 1.413 (1.021, 1.957) * | 0.898 (0.636, 1.269) |
Current smoker | 1.189 (0.848, 1.669) | 0.577 (0.347, 0.959) * |
Current moderate/heavier drinker | 0.800 (0.280, 2.288) | 1.283 (0.471, 3.498) |
Irregular diet | 1.179 (0.759, 1.831) | 0.890 (0.539, 1.468) |
Lacking physical exercise | 0.921 (0.634, 1.338) | 0.955 (0.683, 1.337) |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||
<25 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
25 to <30 | 1.138 (0.845, 1.532) | 1.565 (1.152, 2.125) * |
≥30 | 1.099 (0.642, 1.882) | 2.440 (1.482, 4.016) * |
Chronic Disease | ≤45 vs. 46–53 (Years) | ≥54 vs. 46–53 (Years) |
---|---|---|
Anemia | 0.893 (0.421, 1.895) | 0.902 (0.396, 2.054) |
Diabetes | 1.072 (0.768, 1.495) | 1.611 (1.142, 2.274) * |
Hyperlipidemia | 1.179 (0.897, 1.548) | 0.953 (0.713, 1.274) |
Hypertension | 1.031 (0.778, 1.367) | 1.164 (0.853, 1.588) |
Ischemic heart disease | 1.036 (0.765, 1.403) | 0.818 (0.589, 1.136) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1.139 (0.810, 1.602) | 0.876 (0.586, 1.311) |
COPD | 1.608 (0.909, 2.846) | 0.627 (0.349, 1.128) |
CGPU | 1.235 (0.764, 1.996) | 0.533 (0.333, 0.855) * |
Cholecystitis/gallstone | 0.999 (0.695, 1.436) | 0.753 (0.511, 1.109) |
Arthritis | 1.256 (0.908, 1.738) | 0.808 (0.549, 1.188) |
Chronic low back pain | 1.100 (0.780, 1.552) | 1.038 (0.732, 1.473) |
Poor mental health | 1.272 (0.953, 1.696) | 0.898 (0.643, 1.255) |
Any disease 2 | 1.116 (0.642, 1.938) | 0.822 (0.427, 1.582) |
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Fu, Y.; Yu, Y.; Wang, S.; Kanu, J.S.; You, Y.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Li, B.; Tao, Y.; et al. Menopausal Age and Chronic Diseases in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100936
Fu Y, Yu Y, Wang S, Kanu JS, You Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li B, Tao Y, et al. Menopausal Age and Chronic Diseases in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(10):936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100936
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Yingli, Yaqin Yu, Shibin Wang, Joseph Sam Kanu, Yueyue You, Yingyu Liu, Yangyu Zhang, Yawen Liu, Bo Li, Yuchun Tao, and et al. 2016. "Menopausal Age and Chronic Diseases in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 10: 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100936