Analysis of the Accuracy Potential of a Stereo High-Speed Camera System in 3D Measurements in Highly Dynamic Experiments

In the context of setting up a stereo high-speed camera system for accurate 3D measurements in highly dynamic experiments, the potential of a “Fastcam SA-X2” stereo system is evaluated by testing different camera configurations and motion scenarios. A thorough accuracy analysis is performed using spatial rigid-body transformations and relative measurement analyses of photogrammetrically reconstructed surfaces of nondeformable objects. The effects of camera calibration, exposure time, object velocity, and object surface pattern quality on the quality of adjusted 3D coordinates are taken into consideration. While the exposure time does not significantly influence the quality of the static measurements, the results of dynamic experiments demonstrate that not only an insufficient frame rate but also an increased noise level resulting from short exposure times affects 3D coordinate accuracy. Using appropriate configurations to capture dynamic events, the errors in dynamic experiments do not differ significantly from the errors obtained in static measurements. A spatial mapping error of less than 1 $\mathsf{\mu }$m is obtained through the experiments, with proper testing configurations for an object surface area of $5\times 20$ mm. These findings are relevant for users of high-speed stereo imaging techniques to perform geometric 3D measurements, deformation, and crack analyses.