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Volume 22
Issue 16
10.3390/s22166250
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Article

Four Unity/Variable Gain First-Order Cascaded Voltage-Mode All-Pass Filters and Their Fully Uncoupled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator Applications

by
Hua-Pin Chen
1,*,
San-Fu Wang
2,
Yitsen Ku
3,
Yuan-Cheng Yi
1,
Yi-Fang Li
1 and
Yu-Hsi Chen
4
1
Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
2
Department of Electronic Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 41170, Taiwan
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei 63201, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2022, 22(16), 6250; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166250
Submission received: 28 July 2022 / Revised: 14 August 2022 / Accepted: 17 August 2022 / Published: 19 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Electronic Sensors)
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Abstract

This paper presents four new designs for a first-order voltage-mode (VM) all-pass filter (APF) circuit based on two single-output positive differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs). The first two proposed VMAPFs with unity-gain, high-input (HI) impedance and low-output (LO) impedance use two DVCCs, a grounded capacitor, and a grounded resistor. The last two proposed first-order VMAPFs with HI impedance and variable-gain control are two resistors added to each of the first two VMAPFs. The last two proposed first-order VMAPFs with variable-gain control use two DVCCs, one grounded capacitor, and three grounded resistors and provide HI impedances, so that VMAPFs can be directly cascaded to obtain high-order filters without additional voltage buffers. The four implementation circuits based only on grounded passive components are particularly applicable for integrated circuits (ICs). To confirm the cascading characteristics, an application example of a fully-uncoupled quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (FQSO) is also proposed. PSpice simulation results have confirmed the feasibility of the proposed structures. VMAPF and FQSO circuits are also constructed from commercial AD8130 and AD844 ICs, and their experimentally measured time and frequency responses are compared to theoretical values. The supply voltages for both the AD8130 and AD844 ICs were ±5 V. The measured power dissipation of the proposed first-order VMAPF and second-order FQSO circuits is 0.6 W. The measured input 1-dB compression point for the four VMAPFs is about 19 dB. The measured total harmonic distortion of the four VMAPFs is less than 0.67% when the input voltage reaches 2.5 Vpp. The calculated figures of merit for the four VMAPFs are 628.2 × 103, 603.06 × 103, 516.53 × 103, and 496.42 × 103, respectively.
Keywords: first-order filter; oscillator; active circuit; voltage-mode filter; current conveyor first-order filter; oscillator; active circuit; voltage-mode filter; current conveyor

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, H.-P.; Wang, S.-F.; Ku, Y.; Yi, Y.-C.; Li, Y.-F.; Chen, Y.-H. Four Unity/Variable Gain First-Order Cascaded Voltage-Mode All-Pass Filters and Their Fully Uncoupled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator Applications. Sensors 2022, 22, 6250. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166250

AMA Style

Chen H-P, Wang S-F, Ku Y, Yi Y-C, Li Y-F, Chen Y-H. Four Unity/Variable Gain First-Order Cascaded Voltage-Mode All-Pass Filters and Their Fully Uncoupled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator Applications. Sensors. 2022; 22(16):6250. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166250

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Hua-Pin, San-Fu Wang, Yitsen Ku, Yuan-Cheng Yi, Yi-Fang Li, and Yu-Hsi Chen. 2022. "Four Unity/Variable Gain First-Order Cascaded Voltage-Mode All-Pass Filters and Their Fully Uncoupled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator Applications" Sensors 22, no. 16: 6250. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166250

APA Style

Chen, H.-P., Wang, S.-F., Ku, Y., Yi, Y.-C., Li, Y.-F., & Chen, Y.-H. (2022). Four Unity/Variable Gain First-Order Cascaded Voltage-Mode All-Pass Filters and Their Fully Uncoupled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillator Applications. Sensors, 22(16), 6250. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166250

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