2025 February-2 - 391 articles
In animals, a trade-off exists between reproduction and growth, which are the most fundamental traits. Males and females exhibit profound differences in reproduction and growth in fish species. However, the precise molecular mechanism governing this...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell–cell communication thanks to their ability to transfer their bioactive cargo, thus regulating a variety of physiological contexts. EVs derived from amniotic mesenchymal/stromal cells...
This study examines the effects of metformin on brain functions focusing on the variability of the results reported in the literature. While some studies suggest that metformin may have neuroprotective effects in diabetic patients, others report an i...
Earlier intervention may delay or prevent heart failure (HF), a widespread health problem. However, it is not currently possible to identify those who are most at risk, especially before the appearance of any clinical signs. This study presents the d...
An estimated 10% of COVID-19 survivors have been reported to suffer from complaints after at least three months. The intestinal microbiome has been shown to impact long COVID through the gut–lung axis and impact the severity. We aimed to invest...
Plants are constantly exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses that seriously affect crop yield and quality. A coordinated regulation of plant responses to combined abiotic/biotic stresses requires crosstalk between signaling pathways initiated by each...
The human choroid plexus (CP) is the location of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB). Whereas the epithelial cells of the CP mainly contribute to the formation of the BCSFB, the vessels of the CP are built by fenestrated endothe...
Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), have been used to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC); the combination of these agents has become a standard treatment for RCC. TKIs generally target vasc...
In recent years, “metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease” (MASLD) has been proposed to better connect liver disease to metabolic dysfunction, which is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. MASLD affects more t...
A detailed characterization of the mechanism of action of garlic extract (GE) on prostate cancer (PCa) cells is essential to ensure its safe use as a complementary therapy, particularly when combined with established treatments. A case report highlig...
Quorum quenchers are emerging as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials, since they hinder the development of virulence or resistance mechanisms but without killing the microorganisms, thus, reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Many...
Mining valuable genes is helpful to breed high-quality Salvia miltiorrhiza exhibiting efficient nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing was introduced to select the candidate transcription factors (T...
The human microbiota, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in regulating host immunity and metabolism. This review investigates the interplay between microbiota and inflammatory markers, emphasizing their impact on metabolic an...
Ribosome biogenesis is one of the most fundamental and energetically demanding cellular processes. In humans, the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats span a large region of DNA and comprise 200 to 600 copies of a ~43 kb unit spread over five different chrom...
Cerebral ischemia is a pathological condition characterized by complete blood and oxygen supply deprivation to neuronal tissue. The ischemic brain compensates for the rapid decline in ATP levels by increasing the anaerobic glycolysis rate, which lead...
Endometriosis is a complicated, estrogen-dependent gynecological condition with a high morbidity rate. Pain, as the most common clinical symptom of endometriosis, severely affects women’s physical and mental health and exacerbates socioeconomic...
PDRN, polydeoxyribonucleotide, which is used as a tissue-regeneration material, is present in human cells under physiological conditions and stimulates regeneration and metabolic activity. PDRN can be used as a biomaterial for several types of regene...
Tumor diseases represent a significant global health challenge, impacting both humans and companion animals, notably dogs. The parallels observed in the pathophysiology of cancer between humans and dogs underscore the importance of advancing comparat...
Kezimuke granules (KZMK), derived from traditional Kazakh folk medicine, exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties. Long-term clinical studies have demonstrated their efficacy in clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting qi circulation, and allevia...
In addition to its classical role in calcium and phosphate metabolism regulation, vitamin D also has an important impact on immunity modulation. Vitamin D regulates the immune response, shifting from a proinflammatory state to a more tolerogenic one...
Adrenergic receptors (AR) play a vital role in cardiovascular system regulation. The ADRB2 gene, encoding the β2-AR receptor, has genetic variability potentially impacting blood pressure (BP) regulation. Evidence for such associations has been i...
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to its heterogeneity and intrinsic drug resistance. Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) provide diverse tumor cell populations ideal for studying these complexities. Alt...
The selection of a stably expressed reference gene is a critical step for the quantitation of gene expression by qRT-PCR. We tested the stability of expression of nine putative reference genes in normoxia and hypoxia in four different human cell type...
Insect pests and weeds are the two major biotic factors affecting crop yield in the modern agricultural system. In this study, a brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene (BPH9) and glufosinate tolerance gene (bar) were stacked into a single T-DNA cass...
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is often linked to a range of respiratory diseases and cellular damage. Although studies have shown that the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) are altered during lung damage brought on by PM2.5, the underlying...
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders influenced by microbial, environmental, genetic, and immune factors. The introduction of biological agents has transformed IBD therapy, improving symptoms, reducing complications,...
Microbes possess diverse genetic and metabolic traits that help them withstand adverse conditions. Microbial pathogens cause significant economic losses and around 7.7 million human deaths annually. While antibiotics have historically been a lifesavi...
The gut microbiota (GM), the set of microorganisms that colonizes our intestinal tract, can undergo many changes, some of which are age related. Several studies have shown the importance of maintaining a healthy GM for a good quality of life. In the...
Intratumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution are pivotal in the progression and metastasis of melanoma. However, when combined with variable tumor cellularity, intratumoral heterogeneity limits the sensitivity and accuracy of uncovering a cancer&r...
Methylene blue (MB), a widely used organic dye, poses significant environmental challenges due to its stability and persistence in aquatic ecosystems. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the demethylation mechanisms of M...
The extracts from fruits of Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach (CJE), Cornus mas L. (CME), and Hippophaё rhamnoides L. (HRE) are known inhibitors of a variety of eukaryotic hydrolases, engaged in the digestion of fats and polysacchar...
In amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), neuroinflammation evolves during disease progression, affecting microglial function and potentially accelerating the pathological process. Currently, no effective treatment exists, leading to explorations...
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are commonly used flame retardants that pose severe risks to humans. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the transformation process and biological toxicities of PBBs in the environment, which is not cond...
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are master regulators of cellular responses to low oxygen levels and modulate autophagy, a conserved process essential for maintaining homeostasis. Under hypoxic conditions, HIFs regulate the expression of autophagy-r...
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), commonly known as “Long COVID”, represents a significant clinical challenge characterized by persistent symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection. We conducted a comprehensive retrospe...
Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) are essential for the biosynthesis of therapeutically valuable molecules, including antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and anticancer agents. The assembly-line mechanism of NRPS offers significant potential for e...
Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and pyrene, the most prominent subtypes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contaminate environments as organic pollutants. They adversely affect body systems, including degeneration of the central nervous system. This...
The articles featured in this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, entitled “Recent Advances in Gluten-Related Disorders”, present significant advancements in the understanding of gluten hypersensitivity, offe...
Morphological changes in erythrocytes during disease, aging, or reactions to external agents are significant as they can influence disease progression. However, the exact mechanisms behind these temporary alterations and their potential to cause dysf...
Polyploidy, characterized by an increase in the number of whole sets of chromosomes in an organism, offers a promising avenue for cannabis improvement. Polyploid cannabis plants often exhibit altered morphological, physiological, and biochemical char...
The prolonged use of pyrethroid insecticides for controlling the plant bug Lygus pratensis has led to upward resistance. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and potential regulatory pathways associated with lambda-cyhalothrin resist...
Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a hereditary autosomal-recessive multi-system disorder with early mortality. It has variable clinical presentations, mainly characterised by disproportional short stature, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrom...
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of global mortality, with many unresolved issues in current clinical treatment strategies despite years of extensive research. Due to the great progress in nanotechnology and gene therapy in recent years...
Epilepsy stands out as one of the most prevalent chronic neurological conditions affecting companion animals. Recent research has increasingly focused on exploring the role of gut microbiota in influencing neurological conditions, like epilepsy. This...
Exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic health, enhancing muscle function, and improving insulin sensitivity, thereby preventing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence highlights the significance of the cystathio...
With ever-increasing incidence and high metastatic potential, cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. Risk prediction based on the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system has medium accuracy with intermediate IIB-IIIB stages, as roughly 2...
Bone-derived proteins, including carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC), are thought to play a role in cardiovascular and metabolic health. cOC is recognized for its strong affinity for calcium hydroxyapatite and its possible involvement in vascular calcific...
Kidney function parameters including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin excretion are commonly used to diagnose chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, these parameters are relatively insensitive, limiting their utility for...
Over 400 articles on the pathophysiology of brain aging, neuroaging, and neurodegeneration were reviewed, with a focus on epigenetic mechanisms and numerous non-coding RNAs. In particular, this review the accent is on microRNAs, the discovery of whos...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline, with women being disproportionately affected in both prevalence and severity. A key feature of AD is synaptic loss, particularly around...
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