International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 26, Issue 3

Aripiprazole as a long-acting injectable (LAI) is initiated in oral aripiprazole-stabilised patients and needs, after first injection, 14 days supplementation of oral aripiprazole (one-injection start, OIS). Recently, an alternative two-injection sta...

Complement factor B (CFB) is a crucial component for the activation of the alternative pathway due to the formation of the C3 convertase with C3b, which further produces C3b to enhance the overall complement activity. Although Cfb is expressed not on...

This study aimed to investigate how the chemical elements in relation to octacalcium phosphate (OCP) hydrolysis affect the osteoblastic differentiation in the presence of serum fetuin. The adsorption of fetuin onto OCP was examined in buffers having...

Salicylic acid, as a plant hormone, significantly affects the physiological and biochemical indexes of soluble sugar, malondialdehyde content, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in Platycodon grandiflorus. Lysine malonylation is a p...

Multiple signaling pathways are dysregulated in melanoma, notably the Ras/RAF/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, which can be targeted therapeutically. The high immunogenicity of melanoma has been exploited using checkpoint inhibitors. Whilst targe...

Ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) is pivotal in the storage, release, and utilization of iron, plays a crucial role in the ferroptosis pathway, and exerts significant impacts on various diseases. Iron influences skeletal muscle development and health by...

Chlamydia are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens affecting humans and animals, causing miscarriage, stillbirth, or weak fetuses in the late stages of pregnancy of goats and sheep. Because there is no commercial vaccine for chlamydia in animal...

Iron overload disease is characterized by the excessive accumulation of iron in the body. To better alleviate iron overload, there is an urgent need for safe and effective small molecule compounds. Rubiadin, the active ingredient derived from the Chi...

The great seahorse (Hippocampus kelloggi) is one of the larger species within the seahorse group and is widely distributed in coastal areas of the Indo-Pacific. However, the natural resources of this species continue to decrease, rendering it a vulne...

Potassium (K) fertilization is crucial for plant resistance to pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism by which the addition of K promotes resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana to Phytophtho...

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a significant public health concern due to its ability to form biofilms, enhancing its resistance to antimicrobials and contributing to its persistence in food processing environments. Traditional antibiot...

Palatogenesis is a complex developmental process requiring temporospatially coordinated cellular and molecular events. The following review focuses on genetic, epigenetic, and environmental aspects directing palatal formation and their implication in...

Both continuous aerobic training (CAT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are recommended to promote health and prevent diseases. Exercise-induced circulating extracellular vesicles (EX-EVs) have been suggested to play essential roles in med...

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a calcium-permeable cation channel critical for maintaining intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis and is essential in regulating immune responses, metabolic processes, and signal transduction. Recent studi...

Disrupted clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) from the brain enhances its aggregation and formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. The most abundant protein constituent of circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, apoA-I...

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and immune cells within arterial walls, remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are cen...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated whether mitochondrial DNA variants in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), which affect proteins of the respiratory chain and mitochondrial functio...

The interplay between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) is crucial in the epigenetic regulation of mRNA and protein expression, impacting the development and progression of a plethora of human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascul...

Cancer is a multifaceted disease characterised by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and metastasis, resulting in significant global mortality. Current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, face challenges s...

Boosting evidence indicated lipids play important roles in plants. To explore lipid function in cotton fiber development, the lipid composition and content were detected by untargeted and targeted lipidomics. Compared with rapid elongation fibers, th...

Stevens–Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe mucocutaneous reaction often induced by medications. The co-occurrence of SJS/TEN and COVID-19 presents a unique challenge due to overlapping inflammatory pathways. Thi...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, often considered critical for dementia prevention. Despite its significance, no effective clinical treatment for MCI has yet been established. Emerging...

Lymphedema is an intractable disease most commonly associated with lymph node dissection for cancer treatment and can lead to a decreased quality of life. Type 2 T helper (Th2) lymphocytes have been shown to be important in the progression of lymphed...

Many physiological changes accompany pregnancy, most of them involving metabolic perturbations. Alterations in microbiota composition occur both before and during pregnancy and have recently been correlated with an important role in the development o...

Aspirin (Asp) is extensively used in human health as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and anti-thrombotic drug. In this study, we investigated if the foliar application of Asp on tomato plants has comparable beneficial effects on photosynthetic fun...

Camphora Fabr. is a genus in the family Lauraceae, comprising over 20 tropical and subtropical tree species. Since the genera Camphora and Cinnamomum Schaeff. were described, there has been a long-lasting controversy regarding the phylogenetic relati...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is linked to atherosclerosis plaque formation. In pro-inflammatory conditions, human Natural Killer (NK) cell frequencies in blood or plaque decrease; however, NK cells are underexplored in CAD pathogenesis, inflammatory...

Potato common scab (CS) caused by Streptomyces scabiei is a severe disease that threatens tuber quality and its market value. To date, little is known about the mechanism regulating the resistance of potato to CS. In this study, we identified a prese...

Severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurs via the attachment of the spike (S) protein’s receptor binding domain (RBD) to human ACE2 (hACE2). Natural polymorphisms in hACE2, particularly at the interface, may a...

Intracellular pathogens represent a challenge for therapy because the antibiotics used need to diffuse into the cytoplasm to target the pathogens. The situation is more complicated in the mycobacteria family because members of this family infect and...

The grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea is a dangerous plant pathogen responsible for substantial agricultural losses worldwide. The pathogenic mechanisms still have many unclear aspects, and numerous new pathogenic genes remain to be identified. Here...

Hypoxia, a common feature in many malignancies, is particularly prominent in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC). Investigating the mechanisms underlying hypoxia is essential for understanding the heterogeneity of...

Atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the accumulation of lipids and a culprit behind cardiovascular events, has long been studied. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in interest in its initiation, with researchers shifting...

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can contribute to a chronic ischemia-relative overactive bladder (OAB). Using fructose-fed rats (FFRs), a rat model of MetS, we investigated the effects of tadalafil (a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor) on MetS-associated chron...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent chronic liver illness, is characterized by hepatic steatosis. Exercise and probiotics can regulate the gut microbiota to treat NAFLD; however, their combined effects and the mechanisms of...

Dihydroorotase (DHOase; EC 3.5.2.3) is a zinc-dependent metalloenzyme that plays a key role in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, catalyzing the reversible cyclization of N-carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate. This reaction is essential f...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves ongoing impairment of kidney function and structural changes. Previous studies indicated that males have a substantially higher prevalence of CKD than those observed in females. Here, we compared the gender diffe...

The role of 11β-HSD1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has garnered significant attention due to its involvement in glucocorticoid metabolism, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline. This review explores the current understanding of 11β-H...

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is an RNA-binding protein containing low-complexity domains (LCDs), which are known to regulate protein behavior under stress conditions. This study demonstrates the ability to control hnRNPK’s...

Gossypium hirsutum is a key fiber crop that is sensitive to environmental factors, particularly drought stress, which can reduce boll size, increase flower shedding, and impair photosynthesis. The aminotransferase (AT) gene is essential for abiotic s...

The CRISPR/Cas9 system offers a powerful tool for gene editing to enhance rice productivity. In this study, we successfully edited eight RR-TZF genes in japonica rice Nipponbare using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, achieving a high editing efficiency of 73....

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid cells and a differentiation block, highlighting the urgent need for novel differentiation-inducing therapies. This study evaluated Adina rubella Hance (ARH) stem as...

Rosa roxburghii Tratt is widely cultivated in southwestern areas of China for a range of purposes, including food and medicine. To enhance its application value, one previously undescribed compound (1) and six known compounds (2–7) were isolate...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased lung vascular stiffness and impaired vessel relaxation, primarily due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. Recent studies indicate that chloroquine, an autop...

Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathophysiological event in atherosclerosis. The endothelial-protective abilities of diethylether extract (EE) from the Gentiana kochiana (Gentianaceae) herb and its main component, xanthone aglycone gentiacaulein...

The upper oesophagogastrointestinal (UEGI) tract histology, intestinal morphometry and lymphocyte subpopulations of healthy people is scarcely known. In research studies of inflammation involving the UEGI tract, there is a lack of adequate healthy co...

Women diagnosed with advanced-stage ovarian cancer have a much worse survival rate than women diagnosed with early-stage ovarian cancer, but the early detection of this disease remains a clinical challenge. Some recent reports indicate that genetic v...

A novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was proposed by preparing Au NP/MXene–BiOCl Moiré superlattice nanosheets as the probes. Upon irradiation with visible light, the probe exhibited excellent electrical conductivity as well as h...

Integrated Li- and Mn-rich layered cathodes yLi₂MnO₃∙(1-y)LiMO₂ (M = Mn, Co, and Ni) have shown their ability to deliver specific capacities close to 300 mAh g⁻¹, but their significant drawbacks are capacity fading and voltage decay durin...

Alcohol is responsible for an ever-increasing number of deaths worldwide, and many road accidents are caused by irresponsible drinking and driving. The use of biomarkers that can support a diagnosis of alcohol abuse is a very important tool that can...