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Volume 22
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Review

Tying Small Changes to Large Outcomes: The Cautious Promise in Incorporating the Microbiome into Immunotherapy

by
Justin Chau
1 and
Jun Zhang
2,3,*
1
Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
2
Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
3
Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 7900; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157900
Submission received: 3 July 2021 / Revised: 20 July 2021 / Accepted: 21 July 2021 / Published: 23 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Responses in Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy)
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Abstract

The role of the microbiome in immunology is a rapidly burgeoning topic of study. Given the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in cancers, along with the recognition that carcinogenesis has been linked to dysregulations of the immune system, much attention is now directed at potentiation of ICI efficacy, as well as minimizing the incidence of treatment-associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We provide an overview of the major research establishing links between the microbiome to tumorigenesis, chemotherapy and radiation potentiation, and ICI efficacy and irAE development.
Keywords: microbiome; immunotherapy; immune checkpoint; toxicity; adverse events; lung cancer microbiome; immunotherapy; immune checkpoint; toxicity; adverse events; lung cancer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chau, J.; Zhang, J. Tying Small Changes to Large Outcomes: The Cautious Promise in Incorporating the Microbiome into Immunotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7900. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157900

AMA Style

Chau J, Zhang J. Tying Small Changes to Large Outcomes: The Cautious Promise in Incorporating the Microbiome into Immunotherapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(15):7900. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157900

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chau, Justin, and Jun Zhang. 2021. "Tying Small Changes to Large Outcomes: The Cautious Promise in Incorporating the Microbiome into Immunotherapy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15: 7900. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157900

APA Style

Chau, J., & Zhang, J. (2021). Tying Small Changes to Large Outcomes: The Cautious Promise in Incorporating the Microbiome into Immunotherapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(15), 7900. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157900

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