Detecting Blood-Based Biomarkers in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Their Current Status and Clinical Utility
by
A. M. Sofie Berghuis 1,*, Hendrik Koffijberg 1, Jai Prakash 2, Leon W. M. M. Terstappen 3
and Maarten J. IJzerman 1
and Maarten J. IJzerman 1
1
Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
2
Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
3
Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: William Chi-shing Cho
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(2), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020363
Received: 20 December 2016 / Revised: 27 January 2017 / Accepted: 3 February 2017 / Published: 9 February 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Medicine—From Bench to Bedside)
Reviews on circulating biomarkers in breast cancer usually focus on one single biomarker or a selective group of biomarkers. An overview summarizing the discovery and evaluation of all blood-based biomarkers in metastatic breast cancer is lacking. This systematic review aims to identify the available evidence of known blood-based biomarkers in metastatic breast cancer, regarding their clinical utility and state-of-the-art position in the validation process. The initial search yielded 1078 original studies, of which 420 were assessed for eligibility. A total of 320 studies were included in the final synthesis. A Development, Evaluation and Application Chart (DEAC) of all biomarkers was developed. Most studies focus on identifying new biomarkers and search for relations between these biomarkers and traditional molecular characteristics. Biomarkers are usually investigated in only one study (68.8%). Only 9.8% of all biomarkers was investigated in more than five studies. Circulating tumor cells, gene expression within tumor cells and the concentration of secreted proteins are the most frequently investigated biomarkers in liquid biopsies. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on identifying the clinical utility of these biomarkers, by which the additional value still seems to be limited according to the investigated evidence.
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Keywords:
metastatic breast cancer; liquid biopsy; circulating biomarkers; blood-based biomarkers; circulating tumor cells (CTCs); utility; developmental stages; development evaluation and application chart (DEAC)
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MDPI and ACS Style
Berghuis, A.M.S.; Koffijberg, H.; Prakash, J.; Terstappen, L.W.M.M.; IJzerman, M.J. Detecting Blood-Based Biomarkers in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Their Current Status and Clinical Utility. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 363.
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