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Review

Hydrazides as Powerful Tools in Medicinal Chemistry: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Biological Applications

by
Sofia Teixeira
1,2,
Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
2 and
M. Alice Carvalho
1,*
1
Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho (CQ-UM), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
2
Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(13), 2852; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132852
Submission received: 11 May 2025 / Revised: 20 June 2025 / Accepted: 30 June 2025 / Published: 3 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Feature Papers in Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry)
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Abstract

The increase in drug resistance and the high toxicity of current drugs have inspired the scientific community to develop new drugs for various diseases. Hydrazides have become an attractive functional group to easily obtain a plethora of novel compounds with a broad range of biological activities. This review, which contains studies in the literature from the previous five years, focuses on the synthesis methods and biological applications of hydrazides and their derivatives. Here, the details of the experimental reaction conditions used for the synthesis of hydrazides and their derivatives (hydrazide–hydrazones and heterocycle derivatives) are presented, as well as the purification methods and the biological activity of the synthesized compounds.
Keywords: hydrazides; hydrazide derivatives; synthesis; bioactive hydrazide derivatives hydrazides; hydrazide derivatives; synthesis; bioactive hydrazide derivatives
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MDPI and ACS Style

Teixeira, S.; Castanheira, E.M.S.; Carvalho, M.A. Hydrazides as Powerful Tools in Medicinal Chemistry: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Biological Applications. Molecules 2025, 30, 2852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132852

AMA Style

Teixeira S, Castanheira EMS, Carvalho MA. Hydrazides as Powerful Tools in Medicinal Chemistry: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Biological Applications. Molecules. 2025; 30(13):2852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132852

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teixeira, Sofia, Elisabete M. S. Castanheira, and M. Alice Carvalho. 2025. "Hydrazides as Powerful Tools in Medicinal Chemistry: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Biological Applications" Molecules 30, no. 13: 2852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132852

APA Style

Teixeira, S., Castanheira, E. M. S., & Carvalho, M. A. (2025). Hydrazides as Powerful Tools in Medicinal Chemistry: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Biological Applications. Molecules, 30(13), 2852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132852

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