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Article

Temperature Responsive Polymer Conjugate Prepared by “Grafting from” Proteins toward the Adsorption and Removal of Uremic Toxin

by
Erika Yoshihara
1,2,
Makoto Sasaki
1,2,
Ahmed Nabil
1,3,4,
Michihiro Iijima
5 and
Mitsuhiro Ebara
1,2,6,*
1
Research Center for Functional Materials (RCFM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
2
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
3
Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
4
Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), El Mansoura, 35511, Egypt
5
Department of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College (NIT, Oyama College), 771 Nakakuki, Oyama 323-0806, Japan
6
Graduate School of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(3), 1051; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031051
Submission received: 7 January 2022 / Revised: 30 January 2022 / Accepted: 1 February 2022 / Published: 3 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Adsorbents for Pollutant Removal: An Overview of Current Research)
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Abstract

In this study, temperature-responsive polymer-protein conjugate was synthesized using a “grafting from” concept by introducing a chain transfer agent (CTA) into bovine serum albumin (BSA). The BSA-CTA was used as a starting point for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The research investigations suggest that the thermally responsive behavior of PNIPAAm was controlled by the monomer ratio to CTA, as well as the amount of CTA introduced to BSA. The study further synthesized the human serum albumin (HSA)-PNIPAAm conjugate, taking the advantage that HSA can specifically adsorb indoxyl sulfate (IS) as a uremic toxin. The HSA-PNIPAAm conjugate could capture IS and decreased the concentration by about 40% by thermal precipitation. It was also revealed that the protein activity was not impaired by the conjugation with PNIPAAm. The proposed strategy is promising in not only removal of uremic toxins but also enrichment of biomarkers for early diagnostic applications.
Keywords: polymer-protein conjugates; poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide); serum albumin; grafting from; indoxyl sulfate polymer-protein conjugates; poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide); serum albumin; grafting from; indoxyl sulfate

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yoshihara, E.; Sasaki, M.; Nabil, A.; Iijima, M.; Ebara, M. Temperature Responsive Polymer Conjugate Prepared by “Grafting from” Proteins toward the Adsorption and Removal of Uremic Toxin. Molecules 2022, 27, 1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031051

AMA Style

Yoshihara E, Sasaki M, Nabil A, Iijima M, Ebara M. Temperature Responsive Polymer Conjugate Prepared by “Grafting from” Proteins toward the Adsorption and Removal of Uremic Toxin. Molecules. 2022; 27(3):1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031051

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yoshihara, Erika, Makoto Sasaki, Ahmed Nabil, Michihiro Iijima, and Mitsuhiro Ebara. 2022. "Temperature Responsive Polymer Conjugate Prepared by “Grafting from” Proteins toward the Adsorption and Removal of Uremic Toxin" Molecules 27, no. 3: 1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031051

APA Style

Yoshihara, E., Sasaki, M., Nabil, A., Iijima, M., & Ebara, M. (2022). Temperature Responsive Polymer Conjugate Prepared by “Grafting from” Proteins toward the Adsorption and Removal of Uremic Toxin. Molecules, 27(3), 1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031051

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