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Molecules, Volume 12, Issue 2 (February 2007) – 17 articles , Pages 130-282

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78 KiB  
Article
Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity of Flavone Glycosides from Melilotus neapolitana
by Antonio Fiorentino, Brigida D'Abrosca, Severina Pacifico, Annunziata Golino, Claudio Mastellone, Palma Oriano and Pietro Monaco
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 263-270; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020263 - 28 Feb 2007
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 13819
Abstract
One new and six known flavone glycosides were isolated from the MeOH extract of Melilotus neapolitana Ten. The new compound, identified as 7-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy-4',5-dihydroxy-3-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-3-O-β-D-glucopyrano-syloxy]flavone (1) by 1D and 2D NMR techniques and mass spectra, was isolated along with kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (3), rutin (4), [...] Read more.
One new and six known flavone glycosides were isolated from the MeOH extract of Melilotus neapolitana Ten. The new compound, identified as 7-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy-4',5-dihydroxy-3-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-3-O-β-D-glucopyrano-syloxy]flavone (1) by 1D and 2D NMR techniques and mass spectra, was isolated along with kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (3), rutin (4), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (5), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (6), and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (7). The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of these compounds and the whole crude methanol extract were evaluated. The organic extract can inhibit MDA marker’s synthesis by 57%. All the metabolites displayed good reducing power, with the kaempferol (2,3) and isorhamnetin derivatives (6,7) being less active than the corresponding quercetin derivatives 4,5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolics and Polyphenolics)
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88 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Rigid Polycyclic Derivatives of the Diels-Alder Adduct Tricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undeca-4,9-dien-3,6-dione
by Felicia Megumi Ito, Jacqueline Marques Petroni, Dênis Pires De Lima, Adilson Beatriz, Maria Rita Marques, Manoel Odorico De Moraes, Letícia Veras Costa-Lotufo, Raquel Carvalho Montenegro, Hemerson Iury Ferreira Magalhãe and Cláudia Do Ó Pessoa
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 271-282; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020271 - 27 Feb 2007
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 12004
Abstract
art of our research program concentrates on the discovery of new bioactivecompounds prepared either by total synthesis or molecular transformation of compoundswith bioactivity profiles. In this work we have focused our interest on chemicaltransformations of the Diels-Alder adduct tricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undeca-4,9-dien-3,6-dione inorder to [...] Read more.
art of our research program concentrates on the discovery of new bioactivecompounds prepared either by total synthesis or molecular transformation of compoundswith bioactivity profiles. In this work we have focused our interest on chemicaltransformations of the Diels-Alder adduct tricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undeca-4,9-dien-3,6-dione inorder to obtain cage-like compounds and derivatives, followed by an evaluation of theirbiological activity. Full article
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73 KiB  
Article
Heteropolyacids as Green and Reusable Catalysts for the Synthesis of 3,1,5-Benzoxadiazepines
by Majid M. Heravi, Samaheh Sadjadi, Hossein A. Oskooie, Rahim Hekmat Shoar and Fatemeh F. Bamoharram
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 255-262; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020255 - 26 Feb 2007
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 10046
Abstract
Synthesis of 3,1,5-benzoxadiazepines from the condensation of o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) and acyl chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of various heteropolyacids (HPAs) is reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterocycles)
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91 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Characterization and AntibacterialActivity of Azomethine Derivatives Derived from 2-Formylphenoxyacetic Acid
by Amjid Iqbal, Hamid Latif Siddiqui, C. M. Ashraf, Matloob Ahmad and George W. Weaver
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 245-254; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020245 - 22 Feb 2007
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 12456
Abstract
A series of eight new azomethine derivatives were synthesized by reacting 2-formylphenoxyacetic acid with aromatic amines. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by means of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The compounds were assayed by the disc diffusion [...] Read more.
A series of eight new azomethine derivatives were synthesized by reacting 2-formylphenoxyacetic acid with aromatic amines. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by means of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The compounds were assayed by the disc diffusion method for antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Among the compounds tested, 2a, 2b, 2e, 2g and 2h exhibited good antibacterial activity, almost equal to that of Ciprofloxacin used as standard. Full article
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80 KiB  
Article
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Epimeric (3S)-3-((E)-Hex-1-enyl)-2-methylcyclohexanones
by Freek A. Vrielynck and Pierre J. De Clercq
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 237-244; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020237 - 21 Feb 2007
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 8652
Abstract
The asymmetric rhodium-catalysed 1,4-addition of alkenylzirconium reagents to 2-cyclohexenone can be useful in the synthesis of 3-alkenyl-2-methylcyclohexanones, provided that formaldehyde is used in trapping the intermediate zirconium enolates. In this manner a four-step sequence leading to the two epimeric 3-hexenyl-2-methylcyclohexanones in enantiomeric form [...] Read more.
The asymmetric rhodium-catalysed 1,4-addition of alkenylzirconium reagents to 2-cyclohexenone can be useful in the synthesis of 3-alkenyl-2-methylcyclohexanones, provided that formaldehyde is used in trapping the intermediate zirconium enolates. In this manner a four-step sequence leading to the two epimeric 3-hexenyl-2-methylcyclohexanones in enantiomeric form was developed. Full article
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47 KiB  
Communication
Efficient Preparation of Aldoximes from Arylaldehydes, Ethylenediamine and Oxone® in Water
by Jing-Jing Xia and Guan-Wu Wang
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 231-236; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020231 - 21 Feb 2007
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 9645
Abstract
The one-pot reaction of aromatic aldehydes, ethylenediamine and Oxone® (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4) in pure water was found to unexpectedly afford aldoximes in excellent yields. Full article
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127 KiB  
Article
Novel 2-Chloro-8-arylthiomethyldipyridodiazepinone Derivatives with Activity against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
by Nisachon Khunnawutmanotham, Nitirat Chimnoi, Patchareenart Saparpakorn, Pornpan Pungpo, Suda Louisirirotchanakul, Supa Hannongbua and Supanna Techasakul
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 218-230; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020218 - 20 Feb 2007
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 7917
Abstract
Based on the molecular modeling analysis against Y181CHIV-1 RT, dipyridodiazepinone derivatives containing an unsubstituted lactamnitrogen and 2-chloro-8-arylthiomethyl were synthesized via an efficientroute. Some of them were evaluated for their antiviral activity against HIV-1RT subtype E and were found to exhibit virustatic activity comparable [...] Read more.
Based on the molecular modeling analysis against Y181CHIV-1 RT, dipyridodiazepinone derivatives containing an unsubstituted lactamnitrogen and 2-chloro-8-arylthiomethyl were synthesized via an efficientroute. Some of them were evaluated for their antiviral activity against HIV-1RT subtype E and were found to exhibit virustatic activity comparable to some clinically usedtherapeutic agents. Full article
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157 KiB  
Article
A Novel Antioxidant Phenyl Disaccharide from Populus tremula Knotwood
by Madalina Neacsu, Vicente Micol, Laura Pérez-Fons, Stefan Willför, Bjarne Holmbom and Ricardo Mallavia
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 205-217; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020205 - 19 Feb 2007
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 12189
Abstract
The complete characterization of two compounds obtained from the acetoneextract of Populus tremula knotwood has been was achieved using LC-DAD-MS,MS/MS, IR and NMR. The new compounds were unequivocally identified as a mixtureof the ester isomers of the (E) and (Z) p-coumarate of 1-O-rutinose. [...] Read more.
The complete characterization of two compounds obtained from the acetoneextract of Populus tremula knotwood has been was achieved using LC-DAD-MS,MS/MS, IR and NMR. The new compounds were unequivocally identified as a mixtureof the ester isomers of the (E) and (Z) p-coumarate of 1-O-rutinose. The isomers showedthe capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide and to trapperoxyl radicals, as determined by a chemiluminescence method. These new phenyldisaccharides also showed a significant ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity)value, i.e. 11.7 μM TE (Trolox Equivalents). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolics and Polyphenolics)
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79 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted Octahydroquinolin-4-ones via anIntramolecular Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction
by Juan M. Ruiz, Maria M. Afonso and J. Antonio Palenzuela
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 194-204; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020194 - 19 Feb 2007
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 8770
Abstract
A route for the preparation of 2,5-disubstituted octahydroquinolin-4-ones, synthetic precursors of the decahydroquinoline-type toxins, is presented. The key steps are an asymmetric epoxidation and an intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction between an activated diene and an imine. The presence of an allylic stereogenic center [...] Read more.
A route for the preparation of 2,5-disubstituted octahydroquinolin-4-ones, synthetic precursors of the decahydroquinoline-type toxins, is presented. The key steps are an asymmetric epoxidation and an intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction between an activated diene and an imine. The presence of an allylic stereogenic center induces some selectivity and thus only two cycloadducts are obtained in 70:30 ratio and good yield. Full article
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413 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Photochemistry of 1-Iodocyclohexene:Influence of Ultrasound on Ionic vs. Radical Behaviour
by Marika Blaskovicova, Anton Gaplovsky and Jaroslav Blasko
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 188-193; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020188 - 16 Feb 2007
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 9103
Abstract
Simultaneous application of UV light and ultrasonic irradiation to a reaction mixture containing 1-iodocyclohexene is reported. The irradiation of 1-iodocyclohexene in methanol was carried out with or without addition of zinc. The effect of ultrasound or mechanical stirring on this solid-liquid system was [...] Read more.
Simultaneous application of UV light and ultrasonic irradiation to a reaction mixture containing 1-iodocyclohexene is reported. The irradiation of 1-iodocyclohexene in methanol was carried out with or without addition of zinc. The effect of ultrasound or mechanical stirring on this solid-liquid system was also compared. The irradiation of 1-iodocyclohexene in methanol in the presence of zinc increases the yield of the nucleophilic trapping product, compared with the yield after irradiation in the absence of zinc. The photodegradation of 1-iodocyclohexene was slightly accelerated after addition of zinc. A rapid formation of radical product was accompanied by substantial decrease of 1-iodocyclohexene after application of ultrasound and irradiation without the zinc. The ultrasound significantly affects the photobehaviour of this reaction, predominantly its radical route. The joint application of ultrasound and zinc contributes positively to the production of radical and ionic products. The sonochemical stirring is more effective than mechanical stirring. Full article
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47 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of 3,4,7,8-Tetrahydronaphthalene-1,5(2H,6H)-dione
by Garrett B. Minne and Pierre J. De Clercq
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 183-187; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020183 - 13 Feb 2007
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7840
Abstract
A short and high yielding route for thepreparation of the title compound, starting from commercially available1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, is described. The key step in the sequence is the airoxidation of a bis(trimethylsilyloxy)diene precursor. Full article
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107 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, NMR and Crystallographic Studies of 2-Substituted Dihydroquinazolinones Derived from (S)-Phenylethylamine
by Jaime Escalante, Claudia Ortíz-Nava, Patricia Flores, Jaime M. Priego and Cirilo García-Martínez
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 173-182; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020173 - 12 Feb 2007
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 12093
Abstract
2,3-Dihydro-3-[(S)-1-phenethyl]quinazolinone and some new 2-substitutedderivatives bearing isopropyl, o-nitrophenyl and p-nitrophenyl groups were prepared in40-90% yield by amidation of isatoic anhydride with (S)-phenylethylamine, followed bycondensation with triethyl orthoformate, isopropylaldehyde, o-nitro- and p-nitro-benzaldehyde, respectively. The two 2-subtituted dihydroquinazolinones obtained eitherby using isopropylaldehyde, o-nitro- or p-nitrobenzaldehyde, [...] Read more.
2,3-Dihydro-3-[(S)-1-phenethyl]quinazolinone and some new 2-substitutedderivatives bearing isopropyl, o-nitrophenyl and p-nitrophenyl groups were prepared in40-90% yield by amidation of isatoic anhydride with (S)-phenylethylamine, followed bycondensation with triethyl orthoformate, isopropylaldehyde, o-nitro- and p-nitro-benzaldehyde, respectively. The two 2-subtituted dihydroquinazolinones obtained eitherby using isopropylaldehyde, o-nitro- or p-nitrobenzaldehyde, were separated and purifiedbefore their NMR spectra in CDCl3 solutions were recorded. The detection of the lowenergy conformation of O=C-N-phenethyl segment in solution allowed the correlation ofthe NMR data with the configuration of newly stereogenic carbon C-2; thus, onediastereomer was labeled SS while the other was RS. Configurations determined by theNMR method were corroborated by X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray structures of eachdiastereomeric series showed characteristic conformational types: a propeller-like for theSS and a hairpin for the RS series. Interatomic distances of the hairpin conformationsuggest the existence of intramolecular face-to-face interactions between two aromaticrings. Full article
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175 KiB  
Article
One Pot Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates Containing Bromo and 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl Groups under Solvent-free Conditions
by Caihong Li, Baoan Song, Kai Yan, Gangfang Xu, Deyu Hu, Song Yang, Linhong Jin, Wei Xue and Ping Lu
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 163-172; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020163 - 7 Feb 2007
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 12169
Abstract
New α-aminophosphonates were synthesized by the Kabachnik-Fields reactionof 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMB) with p- or m-bromoaniline and a dialkylphosphite under solvent-free conditions. TMB was prepared from gallic acid via a fourstep synthetic sequence involving etherification, esterification, hydrazidation andpotassium ferricyanide oxidation. The structures of all synthesized [...] Read more.
New α-aminophosphonates were synthesized by the Kabachnik-Fields reactionof 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMB) with p- or m-bromoaniline and a dialkylphosphite under solvent-free conditions. TMB was prepared from gallic acid via a fourstep synthetic sequence involving etherification, esterification, hydrazidation andpotassium ferricyanide oxidation. The structures of all synthesized compounds wereconfirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectral data. Compound 7gwas also characterized by X-ray crystallography. A half-leaf method was used todetermine the in vivo curative efficacy of the eight title products against tobacco mosaicvirus (TMV). It was found that compounds 7g and 7h possess good in vivo curativeeffects against TMV. Full article
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90 KiB  
Article
Isatinones A and B, New Antifungal Oxindole Alkaloids from Isatis costata
by Itrat Fatima, Ijaz Ahmad, Itrat Anis, Abdul Malik and Nighat Afza
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 155-162; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020155 - 6 Feb 2007
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 9200
Abstract
Two new oxindole alkaloids isatinone A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from Isatis costata, along with the known trisindoline. Their structures have been assigned on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical studies. Both new compounds showed significant antifungal activity. Full article
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42 KiB  
Communication
Comparative Chemical Analysis of the Essential Oil Constituents in the Bark, Heartwood and Fruits of Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm. (Lauraceae) from Papua New Guinea
by Topul Rali, Stewart W. Wossa and David N. Leach
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 149-154; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020149 - 5 Feb 2007
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 12722
Abstract
Exhaustive hydro-distillation of the bark, heartwood and fruits of Cryptocarya massoy (Lauraceae) afforded pale yellow-coloured oils in 0.7, 1.2 and 1.0 % yields, respectively. Detailed chemical evaluation of these distillates using GC/MS revealed the major components in the bark and the heartwood oils [...] Read more.
Exhaustive hydro-distillation of the bark, heartwood and fruits of Cryptocarya massoy (Lauraceae) afforded pale yellow-coloured oils in 0.7, 1.2 and 1.0 % yields, respectively. Detailed chemical evaluation of these distillates using GC/MS revealed the major components in the bark and the heartwood oils to be the C-10 (5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one) and C-12 (5,6-dihydro-6-heptyl-2H-pyran-2-one) massoia lactones, while the major fruit oil constituent was benzyl benzoate (68.3 %). The heartwood also contained trace amounts of the C-14 (5,6-dihydro-6-nonyl-2H-pyran-2-one) massoia lactone (1.4 %) and the saturated C-10 derivative d-decalactone (2.5 %). Full article
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99 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial Activity of Long-Chain Fatty Alcohols against Staphylococcus aureus
by Naoko Togashi, Akiko Shiraishi, Miki Nishizaka, Keisuke Matsuoka, Kazutoyo Endo, Hajime Hamashima and Yoshihiro Inoue
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 139-148; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020139 - 5 Feb 2007
Cited by 144 | Viewed by 14022
Abstract
The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of long-chain fatty alcohols was investigated, with a focus on normal alcohols. The antibacterial activity varied with the length of the aliphatic carbon chain and not with the water/octanol partition coefficient. 1-Nonanol, 1-decanol and 1-undecanol had bactericidal [...] Read more.
The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of long-chain fatty alcohols was investigated, with a focus on normal alcohols. The antibacterial activity varied with the length of the aliphatic carbon chain and not with the water/octanol partition coefficient. 1-Nonanol, 1-decanol and 1-undecanol had bactericidal activity and membrane-damaging activity. 1-Dodecanol and 1-tridecanol had the highest antibacterial activity among the long-chain fatty alcohols tested, but had no membrane-damaging activity. Consequently, it appears that not only the antibacterial activity but also the mode of action of long-chain fatty alcohols might be determined by the length of the aliphatic carbon chain. Full article
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110 KiB  
Article
Radical-scavenging Activity of Natural Methoxyphenols vs. Synthetic Ones using the Induction Period Method
by Yoshinori Kadoma, Toshiko Atsumi, Norihisa Okada, Mariko Ishihara, Ichiro Yokoe and Seiichiro Fujisawa
Molecules 2007, 12(2), 130-138; https://doi.org/10.3390/12020130 - 3 Feb 2007
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 12041
Abstract
The radical-scavenging activities of the synthetic antioxidants 2-allyl-4-X-phenol (X=NO2, Cl, Br, OCH3, COCH3, CH3, t-(CH3)3, C6H5) and 2,4-dimethoxyphenol, and the natural antioxidants eugenol and isoeugenol, were [...] Read more.
The radical-scavenging activities of the synthetic antioxidants 2-allyl-4-X-phenol (X=NO2, Cl, Br, OCH3, COCH3, CH3, t-(CH3)3, C6H5) and 2,4-dimethoxyphenol, and the natural antioxidants eugenol and isoeugenol, were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) by measuring their anti-1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity and the induction period for polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). 2-Allyl-4-methoxyphenol and 2,4-dimethoxy-phenol scavenged not only oxygen-centered radicals (PhCOO.) derived from BPO, but also carbon-centered radicals (R.) derived from the AIBN and DPPH radical much more efficiently, in comparison with eugenol and isoeugenol. 2-Allyl-4-methoxyphenol may be useful for its lower prooxidative activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolics and Polyphenolics)
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