Entropy, Volume 19, Issue 5

This paper presents an application of Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn) in the analysis of heart rhythm, blood pressure and stroke volume for the diagnosis of vasovagal syndrome. The analyzed biosignals were recorded during posit...

Using insights from cybernetics and an information-based understanding of biological systems, a precise, scientifically inspired, definition of free-will is offered and the essential requirements for an agent to possess it in principle are set out. T...

An open question in nonlinear dynamics is the relation between the Kolmogorov entropy and the largest Lyapunov exponent of a given orbit. Both have been shown to have diagnostic capability for phase transitions in thermodynamic systems. For systems w...

This paper presents a coding theorem for linear coding over finite rings, in the setting of the Slepian–Wolf source coding problem. This theorem covers corresponding achievability theorems of Elias (IRE Conv. Rec. 1955, 3, 37–46) and Csiszár (IEEE Tr...

Entropy methods enable a convenient general approach to providing a probability distribution with partial information. The minimum cross-entropy principle selects the distribution that minimizes the Kullback–Leibler divergence subject to the given co...

In classical Maxwell electrodynamics, charged particles following deterministic trajectories are described by currents that induce fields, mediating interactions with other particles. Statistical methods are used when needed to treat complex particle...

Li₂O belongs to the family of antifluorites that show superionic behavior at high temperatures. While some of the superionic characteristics of Li₂O are well-known, the mechanistic details of ionic conduction processes are somewhat nebulous. In this...

We present a first formal analysis of specific and complete local integration. Complete local integration was previously proposed as a criterion for detecting entities or wholes in distributed dynamical systems. Such entities in turn were conceived t...

According to non-stationary characteristic of the acoustic emission signal of rolling element bearings, a novel fault diagnosis method based on empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and ambiguity correlation classification (ACC) is proposed. In the propo...

To investigate the intra- and inter-limb muscle coordination mechanism of human hands-and-knees crawling by means of muscle synergy analysis, surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals of 20 human adults were collected bilaterally from 32 limb related...

Face verification for unrestricted faces in the wild is a challenging task. This paper proposes a method based on two deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) for face verification. In this work, we explore using identification signals to supervise o...

In this paper we investigate the relationship between the information entropy of the distribution of intraday returns and intraday and daily measures of market risk. Using data on the EUR/JPY exchange rate, we find a negative relationship between ent...

This article proposes a methodology for the classification of fractal signals as stationary or nonstationary. The methodology is based on the theoretical behavior of two-parameter wavelet entropy of fractal signals. The wavelet $(q,q^{\prime })$ -...

Sleep is a central activity in human adults and characterizes most of the newborn infant life. During sleep, autonomic control acts to modulate heart rate variability (HRV) and respiration. Mechanisms underlying cardiorespiratory interactions in diff...

The change of zero order entropy is studied over different strategies of grammar production rule selection. The two major rules are distinguished: transformations leaving the message size intact and substitution functions changing the message size. R...

This paper describes and proves two important theorems that compose the Law of Large Numbers for the non-Euclidean ${\mathcal{L}}^p$ -means, known to be true for the Euclidean ${\mathcal{L}}^2$ -means: Let the ${\mathcal{L}}^p$ -mean estimator, which constitutes the spec...

Reaction coordinates are vital tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of molecular processes. They provide a simple picture of reaction progress and essential input for calculations of free energies and rates. Iso-committor surfaces are cons...

We apply the geometric quantization procedure via symplectic groupoids to the setting of epistemically-restricted toy theories formalized by Spekkens (Spekkens, 2016). In the continuous degrees of freedom, this produces the algebraic structure of qua...

This study aimed to investigate the fatiguing characteristics of muscle-tendon units (MTUs) within skeletal muscles during static isometric contraction tasks. The deltoid was selected as the target muscle and three head-related static isometric contr...

Stochastic distribution control (SDC) systems are a group of systems where the outputs considered is the measured probability density function (PDF) of the system output whilst subjected to a normal crisp input. The purpose of the active fault tolera...

In this paper, we apply the differential Galoisian approach to investigate the meromorphic non-integrability of a class of 3D equations in mathematical physics, including Nosé–Hoover equations, the Lü system, the Rikitake-like system and Rucklidge eq...

Cauchy principal value is a standard method applied in mathematical applications by which an improper, and possibly divergent, integral is measured in a balanced way around singularities or at infinity. On the other hand, entropy prediction of system...

Representing patterns as labeled graphs is becoming increasingly common in the broad field of computational intelligence. Accordingly, a wide repertoire of pattern recognition tools, such as classifiers and knowledge discovery procedures, are nowaday...

Collective organization in matter plays a significant role in its expressed physical properties. Typically, it is detected via an order parameter, appropriately defined for each given system’s observed emergent patterns. Recent developments in inform...

A dynamical estimate is given for the Boltzmann entropy of the Universe, under the simplifying assumptions provided by Newtonian cosmology. We first model the cosmological fluid as the probability fluid of a quantum-mechanical system. Next, following...

This paper presents a low probability of interception (LPI) radar waveform design method with a fixed average power constraint based on information theory. The Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) between the intercept signal and background noise is pre...

In transport planning, one should allow passengers to travel through the complicated transportation scheme with efficient use of different modes of transport. In this paper, we propose the use of a cockroach swarm optimization algorithm for determini...

Asymptotic behavior of qualitative variation statistics, including entropy measures, can be modeled well by normal distributions. In this study, we test the normality of various qualitative variation measures in general. We find that almost all indic...

In this work, we present a numerical study of the influence of matrix degrading enzyme (MDE) dynamics and haptotaxis on the development of vessel networks in tumor-induced angiogenesis. Avascular tumors produce growth factors that induce nearby blood...

The nature of coarse graining is intuitively “obvious”, but it is rather difficult to find explicit and calculable models of the coarse graining process (and the resulting entropy flow) discussed in the literature. What we would like to have at hand...

The research on quantum chaos finds its roots in the study of the spectrum of complex nuclei in the 1950s and the pioneering experiments in microwave billiards in the 1970s. Since then, a large number of new results was produced. Nevertheless, the wo...

Logarithmic score and information divergence appear in information theory, statistics, statistical mechanics, and portfolio theory. We demonstrate that all these topics involve some kind of optimization that leads directly to regret functions and suc...

In this paper, we provide an entropy inference method that is based on an objective Bayesian approach for upper record values having a two-parameter logistic distribution. We derive the entropy that is based on the i-th upper record value and the joi...

In the present paper, we use analytical techniques to solve fractional nonlinear differential equations systems that arise in Bergman’s minimal model, used to describe blood glucose and insulin metabolism, after intravenous tolerance testing. We also...

We consider the rate R and variance ${\sigma }^2$ of Shannon information in snippets of text based on word frequencies in the natural language. We empirically identify Kolmogorov’s scaling law in ${\sigma }^2\propto k^{-1.66\pm 0.12}$ (95% c.l.) as a...

This work investigates the influence of directional properties of decoherence on kinetics rate equations. The physical reality is understood as a chain of unitary and decoherence events. The former are quantum-deterministic, while the latter introduc...

The space-time-fractional diffusion equation with the Caputo time-fractional derivative and Riesz fractional Laplacian is considered in the case of axial symmetry. Mass absorption (mass release) is described by a source term proportional to concentra...

In this study, we propose a novel method to investigate P300 variability over different trials. The method incorporates spatial correlation between EEG channels to form a cooperative coupled particle filtering method that tracks the P300 subcomponent...

Iterated games, in which the same economic interaction is repeatedly played between the same agents, are an important framework for understanding the effectiveness of strategic choices over time. To date, very little work has applied information theo...

Convective heat transfer and entropy generation in a 3D closed cavity, equipped with adiabatic-driven baffle and filled with CNT (carbon nanotube)-water nanofluid, are numerically investigated for a range of Rayleigh numbers from 10³ to 10⁵. This res...

Permutation entropy and order patterns in an EEG signal have been applied by several authors to study sleep, anesthesia, and epileptic absences. Here, we discuss a new version of permutation entropy, which is interpreted as distance to white noise. I...

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most common tool used to study mental disorders. In the last years, the use of this recording for recognition of negative stress has been receiving growing attention. However, precise identification of this emoti...

Applications of entropy principles to evolution and ecology are of tantamount importance given the central role spatiotemporal structuring plays in both evolution and ecological succession. We obtain here a qualitative interpretation of the role of e...

The importance of the mean annual runoff (MAR)-hydrological variable is paramount for catchment planning, development and management. MAR depicts the amount of uncertainty or chaos (implicitly information content) of the catchment. The uncertainty as...

A Stirling engine made of a colloidal particle in contact with a nonequilibrium bath is considered and analyzed with the tools of stochastic energetics. We model the bath by non Gaussian persistent noise acting on the colloidal particle. Depending on...

Understanding epidemic dynamics has always been a challenge. As witnessed from the ongoing Zika or the seasonal Influenza epidemics, we still need to improve our analytical methods to better understand and control epidemics. While the emergence of co...

Traveling surges are commonly adopted in protection devices of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Lightning strikes also can produce large-amplitude traveling surges which lead to the malfunction of relays. To ensure the reliabl...

In longitudinal medical studies, multicomponent images of the tissues, acquired at a given stage of a disease, are used to provide information on the fate of the tissues. We propose a quantification of the predictive value of multicomponent images us...

Websites and applications use personalisation services to profile their users, collect their patterns and activities and eventually use this data to provide tailored suggestions. User preferences and social interactions are therefore aggregated and a...

The causal structure of any system can be analyzed at a multitude of spatial and temporal scales. It has long been thought that while higher scale (macro) descriptions may be useful to observers, they are at best a compressed description and at worse...