Downsizing and turbocharging is a widely used approach to reduce the fuel consumption of spark ignited engines while retaining the maximum power output. However, a substantial loss in drivability must be expected due to the occurrence of the so-calle...
The availability of compressed air in combination with downsizing and turbocharging is a promising approach to improve the fuel economy and the driveability of internal combustion engines. The compressed air is used to boost and start the engine. It...
As environmental regulations on automotive exhaust gas are gradually strengthened to cope with climate change, internal combustion engines, including those in hybrid electric vehicles, are continuously being downsized. Supercharging technologies are...