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8 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
849 Views
17 Pages

Pulse Width Modulation on the Droplet Spectrum and Velocity of Spray Nozzles

  • Silviane Gomes Rodrigues,
  • Guilherme Sousa Alves and
  • João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da Cunha

28 August 2025

Pulse width modulation (PWM) allows for the real-time flow rate adjustment of spray nozzles without changing system pressure, indicating that PWM is a promising technology for improving the quality of pesticide applications. However, its effect on th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,519 Views
12 Pages

Preliminary Evaluation of a Blast Sprayer Controlled by Pulse-Width-Modulated Nozzles

  • Enrique Ortí,
  • Andrés Cuenca,
  • Montano Pérez,
  • Antonio Torregrosa,
  • Coral Ortiz and
  • Francisco Rovira-Más

29 June 2022

Precision spraying relies on the response of the spraying equipment to the features of the targeted canopy. PWM technology manages the flow rate using a set of electronically actuated solenoid valves to regulate flow rate at the nozzle level. Previou...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,063 Views
11 Pages

Vibration Analysis of Pulse-Width-Modulated Nozzles in Vineyard Blast Sprayers

  • Coral Ortiz,
  • Antonio Torregrosa,
  • Verónica Saiz-Rubio and
  • Francisco Rovira-Más

Spraying systems to protect crops against pests are still necessary to maintain food production at the rates demanded by the current population. However, today, it is crucial to use precision agriculture to reduce the negative effects of pesticides a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,467 Views
14 Pages

Modelling Vineyard Spraying by Precisely Assessing the Duty Cycles of a Blast Sprayer Controlled by Pulse-Width-Modulated Nozzles

  • Verónica Saiz-Rubio,
  • Coral Ortiz,
  • Antonio Torregrosa,
  • Enrique Ortí,
  • Montano Pérez,
  • Andrés Cuenca and
  • Francisco Rovira-Más

20 February 2023

The flowrate control of spraying systems with pulse-width-modulated solenoid valves is currently being implemented for precision herbicide application in commodity crops, but solutions for fruit trees set in orchards that require higher pressures are...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,375 Views
21 Pages

The pulse-width modulation (PWM) variable spray system is the most widely used variable spray system in the world at present, which has the characteristics of a fast response, large flow adjustment range, and good atomization. Recently, the pressure...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,469 Views
15 Pages

12 September 2024

With recent advances in spray technology and rising interest in site-specific applications, it is imperative to assess the performance of the latest application technologies to ensure effective pesticide applications. Thus, a study was conducted to c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,442 Views
14 Pages

With the development of precision agriculture (PA), low-altitude and low-volume spraying based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is playing an increasingly important role in the control of crop diseases, pests, and weeds. However, the aerial sprayin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
9,972 Views
11 Pages

Closed-Loop Control of Chemical Injection Rate for a Direct Nozzle Injection System

  • Xiang Cai,
  • Martin Walgenbach,
  • Malte Doerpmond,
  • Peter Schulze Lammers and
  • Yurui Sun

20 January 2016

To realize site-specific and variable-rate application of agricultural pesticides, accurately metering and controlling the chemical injection rate is necessary. This study presents a prototype of a direct nozzle injection system (DNIS) by which chemi...