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Ancient texts dedicating or commemorating temples that can be associated with archaeological remains such as architecture and inscriptions, along with identifiable kings who built or commemorated those temples and the specification of the elapsed number of years from a past event, are known from Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Levant over the span of several centuries. Although the texts originate from differing religious, cultural, and geographic contexts and were recorded on various mediums, the similarity in content, style, and objective indicates a shared tradition and allows the grouping of these texts into a distinctive category. These temple construction and dedication texts document a king or kings involved in the construction, reconstruction, or remembrance of a temple, a deity with whom the temple was connected, the location of the temple, and the specific number of years elapsed between construction or dedication and another significant cultural or religious event. Known examples come from Assyria, Babylon, Egypt, Phoenicia, and Israel, spanning the 13th to the 2nd centuries BC, along with a text from ancient Rome that was likely influenced by this practice. Because the kings named are known from various historical documents and inscriptions, archaeological remains related to the temples have often been recovered; since the construction or dedication texts record elapsed years in reference to another event, these texts can be analyzed in regard to their viability as sources for the history and chronology of the ancient Near East in the context of religion and official records of the state. Investigation of these texts alongside king lists and temples reveals that temple construction and dedication texts of the ancient Near East that included mention of elapsed years provide valuable, detailed, and accurate information that can be used to identify the existence of ancient temples in time, corroborate periods of kingship or other important events, and contribute to understanding a method of historical chronology used by the ancients. Full article

Among the complete family of sensors for automotive safety, consumer andindustrial application, speed sensors stand out as one of the most important. Actually, speedsensors have the diversity to be used in a broad range of applications. In today’s automotiveindustry, such sensors are used in the antilock braking system, the traction control systemand the electronic stability program. Also, typical applications are cam and crank shaftposition/speed and wheel and turbo shaft speed measurement. In addition, they are used tocontrol a variety of functions, including fuel injection, ignition timing in engines, and so on.However, some types of speed sensors cannot respond to very low speeds for differentreasons. What is more, the main reason why such sensors are not good at detecting very lowspeeds is that they are more susceptible to noise when the speed of the target is low. In short,they suffer from noise and generally only work at medium to high speeds. This is one of thedrawbacks of the inductive (magnetic reluctance) speed sensors and is the case under study.Furthermore, there are other speed sensors like the differential Hall Effect sensors that arerelatively immune to interference and noise, but they cannot detect static fields. This limitstheir operations to speeds which give a switching frequency greater than a minimumoperating frequency. In short, this research is focused on improving the performance of avariable reluctance speed sensor placed in a car under performance tests by using arecursive least-squares (RLS) lattice algorithm. Such an algorithm is situated in an adaptivenoise canceller and carries out an optimal estimation of the relevant signal coming from thesensor, which is buried in a broad-band noise background where we have little knowledgeof the noise characteristics. The experimental results are satisfactory and show a significantimprovement in the signal-to-noise ratio at the system output. Full article