Research

18 pages, 1162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Critical Comparison of the Cuk and the Sheppard–Taylor Converter

by Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas, Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz, Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano, Adyr A. Estévez-Bén and José Manuel Álvarez-Alvarado

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(6), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14060148 - 04 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1211

Abstract

The use of and interest in renewable energy have increased in recent years due to the environmental impact of the technologies currently used to generate electricity. Switched converters play a fundamental role in renewable energy systems. The main goal is to manipulate the [...] Read more.

The use of and interest in renewable energy have increased in recent years due to the environmental impact of the technologies currently used to generate electricity. Switched converters play a fundamental role in renewable energy systems. The main goal is to manipulate the output signal of the renewable energy source to meet the requirements of different loads. Therefore, the increase in research on renewable energy sources has resulted in an increase in studies on switched converters. However, many DC–DC converters can be used in a particular application, and there is no clear guidance on which converter to use. The choice of whether to use one converter over another is highly reliant on the expertise of the researcher. Two examples of DC–DC converters are the Sheppard–Taylor converter and the Cuk converter. In this work, a critical comparison is made between these converters. The parameters considered in this comparison are the number of components, gain, stress on parts, and others. The simulation results were obtained to evaluate the performance of the converters in different scenarios. Finally, we conclude that the only application for which the use of the Sheppard–Taylor converter is justified are those that require high specific power and power density. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Converters and Electric Motor Drives)

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17 pages, 7484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Interleaved Boost Converter and Two-Phase Boost Converter Characteristics for Three-Level Inverters

by Eiichi Sakasegawa, Rin Chishiki, Rintarou Sedutsu, Takumi Soeda, Hitoshi Haga and Ralph Mario Kennel

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14010007 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2429

Abstract

A boost converter is used in various applications to obtain a higher voltage than the input voltage. One of the current main circuit systems for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is a combination of a two-phase boost converter (parallel circuit) and a three-phase two-level [...] Read more.

A boost converter is used in various applications to obtain a higher voltage than the input voltage. One of the current main circuit systems for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is a combination of a two-phase boost converter (parallel circuit) and a three-phase two-level inverter. In this study, we focus on the boost converter to achieve even higher efficiency and propose an interleaving scheme for a boost converter suitable for a three-level inverter (series circuit). The series circuit has two capacitors connected in series and makes it suitable as a power supply for a three-level inverter. We analyze the input current ripple of the series and parallel circuit in order to show the superiority of the series circuit. Furthermore, we propose a novel output voltage control strategy using an optimal regulator, namely a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), for the series circuit. As a result, we found the input current ripple of the series circuit is smaller than the parallel circuit and demonstrated the superiority of the series circuit. The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed interleaving scheme and optimal regulator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Converters and Electric Motor Drives)

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15 pages, 5301 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Frequency Common-Mode Voltage Reduced Space Vector Modulation for Grid-Connected Current-Source Inverter

by Hang Gao and Tahmin Mahmud

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(12), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13120236 - 07 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1667

Abstract

Suitable space vector modulation (SVM) with reduced high-frequency common-mode voltages (HF-CMVs) for grid-connected current-source inverters (CSIs) have not been well investigated yet. In this study, the potential of active zero-state SVM (AZS-SVM) to suppress high frequency common-mode voltages (HF-CMVs) is revealed and theoretically [...] Read more.

Suitable space vector modulation (SVM) with reduced high-frequency common-mode voltages (HF-CMVs) for grid-connected current-source inverters (CSIs) have not been well investigated yet. In this study, the potential of active zero-state SVM (AZS-SVM) to suppress high frequency common-mode voltages (HF-CMVs) is revealed and theoretically analyzed, which is different from existing approaches of modifying topology. A special five-segment sequence with an optimally selected third active space vector for AZS-SVM is proposed and applied for CSIs. Simulation and experiments were completed on a (2.5 kW/208 V/6.94 A) grid-connected three-phase CSI. The results indicate that the proposed AZS-SVM mitigates HF-CMVs around unity and double control frequency by a factor of at least four times in contrast to that by conventional SVM, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed AZS-SVM to mitigate HF-CMVs generated by a grid-connected CSI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Converters and Electric Motor Drives)

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22 pages, 5547 KiB

Open AccessArticle

State-Feedback Control of Interleaved Buck–Boost DC–DC Power Converter with Continuous Input Current for Fuel Cell Energy Sources: Theoretical Design and Experimental Validation

by Mohamed Koundi, Zakariae El Idrissi, Hassan El Fadil, Fatima Zahra Belhaj, Abdellah Lassioui, Khawla Gaouzi, Aziz Rachid and Fouad Giri

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(7), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13070124 - 07 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2441

Abstract

It is well known that the classical topologies of Buck–Boost converters drain pulsating current from the power source. These pulsating currents entail acceleration of the aging rate of the fuel cell. In this paper, we are considering a Buck–Boost DC–DC converter topology featuring [...] Read more.

It is well known that the classical topologies of Buck–Boost converters drain pulsating current from the power source. These pulsating currents entail acceleration of the aging rate of the fuel cell. In this paper, we are considering a Buck–Boost DC–DC converter topology featuring continuous input current. The converter interleaved structure ensures the substantial increase in power density compensating power losses related to the converter switching nature. The control objective is to enforce the DC-bus voltage to track its desired value despite load uncertainties and to ensure adequate current sharing between the different parallel modules of the fuel cell interleaved Buck–Boost converter (FC-IBBC). The point is that the internal voltage of the fuel cell is not accessible for measurement. Therefore, the state-feedback control, which consists of nonlinear control laws, is designed on the basis of a nonlinear model of the FC-IBBC system. We formally prove that the proposed controller meets its objectives, i.e., DC-bus voltage regulation and equal current sharing. The theoretical proof relies on the asymptotic stability analysis of the closed-loop system using Lyapunov stability tools. The theoretical results are well confirmed both by simulation, using MATLAB^®/Simulink^®, and by experimental tests using DS 1202 MicroLabBox. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Converters and Electric Motor Drives)

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14 pages, 4192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improved Model Predictive Current Control of NPC Three-Level Converter Fed PMSM System for Neutral Point Potential Imbalance Suppression

by Guozheng Zhang, Qiyuan Liu, Jian Wang, Chen Li and Xin Gu

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(7), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13070113 - 24 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1660

Abstract

For the neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level converter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system, the performance of the conventional model predictive current control (MPCC) algorithm will be deteriorated if the amplitude of the neutral point potential (NPP) is large. Additionally, the adjustment [...] Read more.

For the neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level converter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system, the performance of the conventional model predictive current control (MPCC) algorithm will be deteriorated if the amplitude of the neutral point potential (NPP) is large. Additionally, the adjustment process of the weighted coefficients of the conventional MPCC algorithm is complex because of numerous control terms in the cost function. To solve the above issues, an improved MPCC algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, Newtonian iteration is used to transfer the stator current into stator voltage in the cost function. Then, the NPP term in the conventional cost function can be eliminated by introducing the partition control of the NP potential, which also eliminates the whole adjustment process of weighting coefficients. Finally, based on the amplitude of the NPP, the amplitude and phase angle of medium and small vectors are modified to improve the control performance of the torque and flux. Experimental results show that the fluctuation of the neutral point potential can be suppressed rapidly. Meanwhile, the performance of the torque, flux and current are also improved compared with the conventional MPCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Converters and Electric Motor Drives)

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16 pages, 6500 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficient Multi-Phase Converter for E-Mobility

by Suresh Sampath, Zahira Rahiman, Sharmeela Chenniappan, Elango Sundaram, Umashankar Subramaniam and Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(4), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13040067 - 13 Apr 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2819

Abstract

The recent growth of battery-powered applications has increased the need for high-efficiency step-up dc-dc converters. The step-up conversion is commonly used in several applications, such as electric vehicle (EV); plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV); photovoltaic (PV) systems; uninterruptible power supplies (UPS); and fuel [...] Read more.

The recent growth of battery-powered applications has increased the need for high-efficiency step-up dc-dc converters. The step-up conversion is commonly used in several applications, such as electric vehicle (EV); plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV); photovoltaic (PV) systems; uninterruptible power supplies (UPS); and fuel cell systems. The input current is shared among inductors by paralleling the converters; resulting in high reliability and efficiency. In this paper; a detailed analysis for reducing power loss and improving efficiency is discussed. In continuous conduction mode; the converters are tested with a constant duty cycle of 50%. The multi phase interleaved boost converter (MPIBC) is controlled by interleaved switching techniques; which have the same switching frequency but phases are shifted. The efficiency of the six phase IBC model is 93.82% and 95.74% for an input voltage of 20 V and 200 V, respectively. The presented six phase MPIBC is validated by comparing it with the existing six phase IBC. The result shows that the presented converter is better than the existing converter. The prototype of the two phase and six phase IBC is fabricated to test the performance. It is found that the output power at the load end is highest for the 5 kHz switching frequency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Converters and Electric Motor Drives)

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28 pages, 46731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multi-Criteria Analysis and Trends of Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles

by Hicham El Hadraoui, Mourad Zegrari, Ahmed Chebak, Oussama Laayati and Nasr Guennouni

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(4), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13040065 - 07 Apr 2022

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 14421

Abstract

The interest in electric traction has reached a very high level in recent decades; there is no doubt that electric vehicles have become among the main means of transport and will be the first choice in the future, but to dominate the market, [...] Read more.

The interest in electric traction has reached a very high level in recent decades; there is no doubt that electric vehicles have become among the main means of transport and will be the first choice in the future, but to dominate the market, a lot of research efforts are still devoted to this purpose. Electric machines are crucial components of electric vehicle powertrains. The bulk of traction drive systems have converged in recent years toward having some sort of permanent magnet machines because there is a growing trend toward enhancing the power density and efficiency of traction machines, resulting in unique designs and refinements to fundamental machine topologies, as well as the introduction of new machine classes. This paper presents the technological aspect of the different components of the electric powertrain and highlights the important information on the electric vehicle’s architecture. It focuses on a multi-criteria comparison of different electric motors utilized in the electric traction system to give a clear vision to allow choosing the adequate electrical motor for the desired application. The proposed comparative analysis shows that the induction motor better meets the major necessities of the electric powertrain, whereas the permanent magnet synchronous motor is nonetheless the most used by electric vehicle manufacturers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Converters and Electric Motor Drives)

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13 pages, 4424 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Virtual Flux Voltage-Oriented Vector Control Method of Wide Frequency Active Rectifiers Based on Dual Low-Pass Filter

by Kai Bi, Yamei Xu, Pin Zeng, Wei Chen and Xinmin Li

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13020035 - 07 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2264

Abstract

This article presents a non-AC-side voltage sensor control method applied to More Electric Aircraft rectifiers. The control strategy can operate properly over a wide range of frequencies. This strategy calculates the AC supply frequency through an instantaneous phase-locked loop and feeds it back [...] Read more.

This article presents a non-AC-side voltage sensor control method applied to More Electric Aircraft rectifiers. The control strategy can operate properly over a wide range of frequencies. This strategy calculates the AC supply frequency through an instantaneous phase-locked loop and feeds it back to a dual low-pass filter. The reconstructed rectifier-side voltage is filtered using two low-pass filters with different scale factors. Then, the values of the two filter outputs are subtracted and the effect of the DC bias due to the initial value of the integration is eliminated. The subtracted value is amplitude-phase compensated to calculate the virtual flux value. The phase angle can then be calculated from the virtual flux value. This phase angle is used for the implementation of the voltage-oriented vector control and as an input to the instantaneous phase-locked loop. Simulation and experimental results show that the use of dual low-pass filters under different frequency conditions improves the speed and accuracy of virtual flux estimation and eliminates DC-side bias errors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Converters and Electric Motor Drives)

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16 pages, 4377 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cooperative Control for Dual Permanent Magnet Motor System with Unified Nonlinear Predictive Control

by Zhanqing Zhou, Zhengchao Xu, Guozheng Zhang and Qiang Geng

World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(4), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040266 - 17 Dec 2021

Viewed by 1921

Abstract

In order to improve the position tracking precision of dual permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems, a unified nonlinear predictive control (UNPC) strategy based on the unified modeling of two PMSM systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, establishing a unified nonlinear model [...] Read more.

In order to improve the position tracking precision of dual permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems, a unified nonlinear predictive control (UNPC) strategy based on the unified modeling of two PMSM systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, establishing a unified nonlinear model of the dual-PMSM system, which contains uncertain disturbances caused by parameters mismatch and external load changes. Then, the position contour error and tracking errors are regarded as the performance index inserted into the cost function, and the single-loop controller is obtained by optimizing the cost function. Meanwhile, the nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate the uncertain disturbances, which is used for feed-forward compensation control. Finally, the proposed strategy is experimentally validated on two 2.3 kW permanent magnet synchronous motors, and the experimental results show that effectiveness and feasibility of proposed strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Converters and Electric Motor Drives)

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