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Effects of Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors on Surface and Underground...
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Effects of Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors on Surface and Underground Waters

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 5209

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bahadur Kotlia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geology, Kumaun University India, Nainital, India
Interests: climate change; lakes; holocene; water pollution; water conservation; land use land cover

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climatic change and anthropogenic factors continue to be the biggest threats to the Earth and are the foremost problems for dreadful future water scarcity. Impacts of climate change on groundwater storage (GWS) and factors affecting it, eg., rainfall, evapotranspiration and snowmelt must be evaluated before it is too late to obtain safe drinking water. Variations in surface water budget have begun by using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) by measuring gravity anomalies to estimate changes in Total Water Storage (TWS). The TWS (surface plus ground) and its changes together with Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) variables are being used to infer how TWS is partitioned into canopy water and soil moisture components and how the equilibrium between discharge and recharge of groundwater is maintained. The challenge is the interrelation among key components as water quality–agriculture-socio-economy–health under the changing climatic and anthropogenic conditions. We need restoration and rehabilitation of water bodies and groundwater and wastewater reuse. Anthropogenic activities change the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) resulting in the alteration of water balance.

This issue focuses on the quality and recharge process of nontoxic water from both surface and underground. Our focal points are surface/groundwater contamination due to various climatic and anthropogenic issues, drying up of streams/lake water bodies/springs and their rejuvenation and conservation. Providing an updated dataset on shrinkage of water bodies and evaluation of water quality using the Water Quality Index and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) should get priority.

Prof. Dr. Bahadur Kotlia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate change and water
  • total water storage
  • GRACE and GLDAS
  • LULC around water bodies
  • WQI and HPI
  • water protection

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2449 KiB  
Article
Seasonal and Spatial Variations in the Optical Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Huma River Basin, China
by Daoping Zhang, Fansheng Meng, Yeyao Wang, Lingsong Zhang, Hao Xue, Zhuming Liang and Jiasheng Zhang
Water 2023, 15(8), 1579; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081579 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a central role in the global carbon cycle. The Huma River Basin (HRB) in China is affected by humic substances in its forests with high background values. DOM in the HRB was studied using spectroscopic techniques combined with [...] Read more.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a central role in the global carbon cycle. The Huma River Basin (HRB) in China is affected by humic substances in its forests with high background values. DOM in the HRB was studied using spectroscopic techniques combined with statistical analysis in order to better understand its characteristics in natural waters affected by humic substances in forests. UV-visible parameters showed that the DOM predominantly consisted of aromatic and high-molecular-weight natural organic matter. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) recognized four characteristic components, representing humic-like substances (C1, C2, and C3) and protein-like substances (C4). Fluorescence parameters showed that the allochthonous terrestrially-derived DOM had a humic character. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra characterized the structure of DOM, containing aromatic, aliphatic, carbohydrate, and protein compounds. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that humic-like components explained approximately 86.7% of the total variance, suggesting that terrestrial humic-like substances were dominant in the HRB. Correlation coefficient matrix analysis indicated that CODMn and DOC were mainly derived from humic-like substances. The results demonstrated that the background value in the HRB was mainly attributed to terrestrial humic-like substances. Such knowledge could assist in monitoring and managing rivers with high background values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors on Surface and Underground Waters)
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13 pages, 678 KiB  
Article
Anthropogenic Impacts on Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Concentrations of Ogbor Hill River Water, Southern Nigeria
by Chidinma Georginia Okey-Wokeh, Okechukwu Kenneth Wokeh, Ekinadose Orose, Fathurrahman Lananan and Mohamad Nor Azra
Water 2023, 15(7), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071359 - 1 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2850
Abstract
The present study assessed the effects of human pressure on the surface water quality of the Ogbor Hill River, southern Nigeria. This river is among one of the important rivers in Southeast Nigeria for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. To assess the water [...] Read more.
The present study assessed the effects of human pressure on the surface water quality of the Ogbor Hill River, southern Nigeria. This river is among one of the important rivers in Southeast Nigeria for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. To assess the water quality, samples of water were collected monthly for eight months, and were preserved and transferred to the laboratory for further analysis. Electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, salinity, turbidity and temperature were determined in situ. Other parameters were determined in the laboratory using standard laboratory methods. The results revealed that the mean pH was acidic across the months with no significance difference (p > 0.05). Additionally, the mean total dissolved solids showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), with a higher value of 582.10 ± 83.41 in April and a lower value of 243.67 ± 40.62 in May. The highest mean conductivity of 1392.33 ± 156.18 was observed in April, and the lowest mean of 289.33 ± 97.37 in May. Dissolved oxygen indicated there was a significant difference among the study months (p < 0.05), with the highest mean concentration of 4.80 ± 0.37 in June and the least of 3.30 ± 0.20 in April. Biochemical oxygen demand, chloride and temperature all showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) across the sampling months. The mean concentration of Zn showed no significant difference among the study months. The mean concentration of Fe recorded showed the highest value of 2.68 ± 0.16 in April and the lowest mean of 1.96 ± 0.13 in July. Pb showed a higher concentration of 0.44 ± 0.33 in March and a lower mean of 0.033 ± 0.008 in July. A higher mean Cd of 0.052 ± 0.004 was observed in March and a lower mean of 0.023 ± 0.002 in December. Generally, the water parameters were elevated beyond the threshold for surface water, which was an indication that the river water was badly impacted due to human pressure and needed to be kept safe for human use. The present study revealed that most of the water quality parameters such as TDS, DO, BOD, pH, turbidity, and concentrations of the heavy metals Pb and Cd were higher in selected months, and further water management should be carried out while anthropogenic activities should be reduced around the river ecosystem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors on Surface and Underground Waters)
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