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Nitrogen Cycles and Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases in Aquatic Ecosystem: Microbial Process, Mechanisms, and Effects

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 11668

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xuliang Zhuang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Interests: nitrogen cycle; microbial ecology; constructed wetlands; watershed management; wastewater treatment; aquatic ecology; wastewater reuse and resource recovery; quorum sensing; partial nitrification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shanghua Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Interests: global change biology; nitrogen cycle; microbial ecology; aquatic ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past century, carbon dioxide [CO2] levels have steadily increased and global temperatures have risen accordingly. The climate is predicted to continually change with weather patterns becoming more erratic and extreme. Microbes are the main players in greenhouse gas production and consumption (e.g., carbon dioxide [CO2], methane [CH4], and nitrous oxide [N2O]) in Aquatic ecosystems. Since the carbon cycles around CO2 have been studied a lot, microbial processes, mechanisms, and effects of the nitrogen cycles and non-CO2 greenhouse gases need to be explored.

In this Research Topic, we would like to explore the critical roles of microorganisms in the Aquatic ecosystems, especially for those researches provide new insights into the relations between microbes and N2O and CH4, and researches provide new ways in mitigating non-CO2 greenhouse gases.

We hope those researches would contribute to the future control and regulation of non-CO2 gases in different ecosystems. We invite researchers to submit Original Research articles, Reviews, Methods, Perspectives, Mini-Reviews, and Opinions on microbial communities involved in Nitrogen cycles and Non-CO2 greenhouse gases in Aquatic Ecosystem. Subtopics include, but are not limited to:

  1. Microbial processes and dominant species in the production and consumption of non-CO2 greenhouse gases;
  2. New strategies and biotechnologies in mitigating the non-CO2 greenhouse gases;
  3. Microbial and ecological responses to the climate change.

Prof. Dr. Xuliang Zhuang
Dr. Shanghua Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nitrous oxide
  • methane
  • nitrogen cycles
  • carbon cycles
  • microbial interactions
  • nitrification
  • denitrification
  • anaerobic methane oxidation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 6161 KiB  
Article
Controlling Methane Ebullition Flux in Cascade Reservoirs of the Upper Yellow River by the Ratio of mcrA to pmoA Genes
by Yi Wu, Xufeng Mao, Liang Xia, Wenjia Tang, Hongyan Yu, Ziping Zhang, Feng Xiao, Haichuan Ji and Yuanjie Ma
Water 2024, 16(18), 2565; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182565 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1051
Abstract
Reservoirs are an important source of methane (CH4) emissions, but the relative contribution of CH4 ebullition and diffusion fluxes to total fluxes has received little attention in the past. In this study, we systematically monitored the CH4 fluxes of [...] Read more.
Reservoirs are an important source of methane (CH4) emissions, but the relative contribution of CH4 ebullition and diffusion fluxes to total fluxes has received little attention in the past. In this study, we systematically monitored the CH4 fluxes of nine cascade reservoirs (Dahejia, Jishixia, Huangfeng, Suzhi, Kangyang, Zhiganglaka, Lijiaxia, Nina, and Longyangxia) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the dry (May 2023) and wet seasons (August 2023) using the static chamber gas chromatography and headspace equilibrium methods. We also simultaneously measured environmental physicochemical properties as well as the abundance of methanogens and methanotrophs in sediments. The results showed the following: (1) All reservoirs were sources of CH4 emissions, with an average diffusion flux of 0.08 ± 0.05 mg m−2 h−1 and ebullition flux of 0.38 ± 0.41 mg m−2 h−1. Ebullition flux accounted for 78.01 ± 7.85% of total flux. (2) Spatially, both CH4 diffusion and ebullition fluxes increased from upstream to downstream. Temporally, CH4 diffusion flux in the wet season (0.09 ± 0.06 mg m−2 h−1) was slightly higher than that in the dry season (0.08 ± 0.04 mg m−2 h−1), but CH4 ebullition flux in the dry season (0.38 ± 0.48 mg m−2 h−1) was higher than that in the wet season (0.32 ± 0.2 mg m−2 h−1). (3) qPCR showed that methanogens (mcrA gene) were more abundant in the wet season (5.43 ± 3.94 × 105 copies g−1) than that in the dry season (3.74 ± 1.34 × 105 copies g−1). Methanotrophs (pmoA gene) also showed a similar trend with more abundance found in the wet season (7 ± 2.61 × 105 copies g−1) than in the dry season (1.47 ± 0.92 × 105 copies g−1. (4) Structural equation modeling revealed that the ratio of mcrA/pmoA genes, water N/P, and reservoir age were key factors affecting CH4 ebullition flux. Variation partitioning further indicated that the ratio of mcrA/pmoA genes was the main factor causing the spatial variation in CH4 ebullition flux, explaining 35.69% of its variation. This study not only reveals the characteristics and influencing factors of CH4 emissions from cascade reservoirs on the Qinghai Plateau but also provides a scientific basis for calculating fluxes and developing global CH4 reduction strategies for reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycles and Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases in Aquatic Ecosystem: Microbial Process, Mechanisms, and Effects)
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14 pages, 3118 KiB  
Article
Identification and Distribution Characteristics of Odorous Compounds in Sediments of a Shallow Water Reservoir
by Jiahe Wang, Hongbin Zhu, Cong Wang, Longji Zhang, Rong Zhang, Cancan Jiang, Lei Wang, Yingyu Tan, Yi He, Shengjun Xu and Xuliang Zhuang
Water 2024, 16(3), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16030455 - 31 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
Odorous sediments containing volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) are a common issue in shallow water reservoirs globally. Volatile organic sulfur compounds are a typical class of malodorous substances that have attracted widespread attention due to their pungent odors and extremely low odor thresholds. [...] Read more.
Odorous sediments containing volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) are a common issue in shallow water reservoirs globally. Volatile organic sulfur compounds are a typical class of malodorous substances that have attracted widespread attention due to their pungent odors and extremely low odor thresholds. The insufficient hydrodynamic conditions in the reservoir area lead to the accumulation of pollutants in the sediment, where biochemical reactions occur at the sediment–water interface, serving as a significant source of foul-smelling substances in the water body. This study analyzed sediment samples from 10 locations across a shallow water reservoir using flavor profile analysis, an electronic nose, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The predominant odor types were earthy/musty and putrid/septic, with key odorants being VOSCs, 2-methylisoborneol, and geosmin. The results revealed VOSCs from organic matter account for up to 96.7% of odor activity. More importantly, concentrations and release fluxes of VOSCs consistently decrease along the water flow direction from dam regions to tail regions. This trend matches organic matter accumulation patterns in shallow reservoirs and highlights dam areas as hotspots for malodorous sediment. The generalized spatial distribution pattern and identification of key malodorous compounds establish a basis for understanding and managing odor issues in shallow freshwater reservoir sediments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycles and Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases in Aquatic Ecosystem: Microbial Process, Mechanisms, and Effects)
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15 pages, 3037 KiB  
Article
Impact of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 in Spartina maritima Rhizosphere Extracellular Enzymatic Activities
by Bernardo Duarte, Alexandra Baeta, João Carlos Marques and Isabel Caçador
Water 2023, 15(14), 2667; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142667 - 23 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2196
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 enrichment, which is caused to a large extent by anthropogenic activities, is known to interfere with sediment microbial communities via plant rhizospheres. The present work aimed to evaluate this interaction in Spartina maritima ((Curtis) Fernald.) rhizosediments, aiming to depict the [...] Read more.
Atmospheric CO2 enrichment, which is caused to a large extent by anthropogenic activities, is known to interfere with sediment microbial communities via plant rhizospheres. The present work aimed to evaluate this interaction in Spartina maritima ((Curtis) Fernald.) rhizosediments, aiming to depict the impacts of atmospheric CO2 increase in the biogeochemical processes occurring in the rhizosphere of this pioneer and highly abundant Mediterranean halophyte. For this purpose, mesocosms trials were conducted, exposing salt marsh cores with S. maritima and its sediments to 410 and 700 ppm of CO2 while assessing rhizosediment extracellular enzymatic activities. An evident increase in dehydrogenase activity was observed and directly linked to microbial activity, indicating a priming effect in the rhizosphere community under increased CO2. Phosphatase showed a marked increase in rhizosediments exposed to elevated CO2, denoting a higher requirement of phosphate for maintaining higher biological activity rates. High sulphatase activity suggests a possible S-limitation (microbial or plant) due to elevated CO2, probably due to higher sulphur needs for protein synthesis, thus increasing the need to acquire more labile forms of sulphur. With this need to acquire and synthesize amino acids, a marked decrease in protease activity was detected. Most carbon-related enzymes suffered an increase under increased CO2. Overall, a shift in sediment extracellular enzymatic activity could be observed upon CO2 fertilization, mostly due to priming effects and not due to changes in the quality of carbon substrates, as shown by the sediment stable isotope signatures. The altered recycling activity of organic C, N, and P compounds may lead to an unbalance of these biogeochemical cycles, shifting the rhizosphere ecosystem function, with inevitable changes in the ecosystem services level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycles and Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases in Aquatic Ecosystem: Microbial Process, Mechanisms, and Effects)
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Review

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22 pages, 2302 KiB  
Review
Greenhouse Gases Emissions of Constructed Wetlands: Mechanisms and Affecting Factors
by Xiaoxue Yin, Cancan Jiang, Shengjun Xu, Xiaojuan Yu, Xiaolin Yin, Jinglin Wang, Mairemu Maihaiti, Cong Wang, Xiaoxu Zheng and Xuliang Zhuang
Water 2023, 15(16), 2871; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162871 - 9 Aug 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5629
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) widely applied for wastewater treatment release significant greenhouse gases (GHGs), contributing to global warming. It is essential to characterize the comprehensive source-sink effects and affecting factors of GHGs in CWs, offering references and guidance for designing and operating CWs to [...] Read more.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) widely applied for wastewater treatment release significant greenhouse gases (GHGs), contributing to global warming. It is essential to characterize the comprehensive source-sink effects and affecting factors of GHGs in CWs, offering references and guidance for designing and operating CWs to better control GHG emissions. However, current reviews focus on individual GHG emission mechanisms. With the aid of the Web of Science Core Collection database, the relevant literature on carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in CWs after 2010 was collected and organized. As highlighted in the review, CWs can produce and transmit these GHGs into the atmosphere, forming sources of GHGs and sequestration CO2 through plants photosynthesis, forming sinks of GHGs. Their overall performance depends on many factors. Hybrid CWs, Cyperus papyrus, Cyperus alternifolius, and Iris pseudacorus, adsorption substrates like Fe-C, low temperatures, and a C/N ratio of five are beneficial for GHG mitigation in CWs. Future studies should focus on in-depth research into the mechanisms and overall source-sink benefits of plants and microorganisms in relation to GHGs. This review provided a comprehensive understanding of the emission mechanisms and affecting factors of the major GHGs in CWs, bridging the research gap in this field, helping researchers to clarify the context, and providing valuable in-sights for further scientific investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycles and Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases in Aquatic Ecosystem: Microbial Process, Mechanisms, and Effects)
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