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Applications of Microalgae and Macroalgae in Water Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 5421

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan university, Shanghai, China
Interests: microalgae; biomass and bioenergy; wastewater treatment; bioaerosol; microbiology
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Interests: algae blooms; water resources management; eutrophication processes; water quality modeling; physical limnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water contaminants threaten the environment and human society. Wastewater treatment and reuse are one of the solutions proposed for water-related environmental issues. Additionally, with “carbon neutralization” being proposed, new issues and challenges are evident for water treatment and reuse technologies. Macroalgae and microalgae-based technologies have been considered promising, coupling wastewater treatment and biomass production. Algae can consume undesired contaminants, e.g., carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, in water through their metabolism from effluents, producing carbon-neutralized biomass, e.g., carbohydrates, lipid, and protein. They are also adaptive to various types of wastewater. In this context, this Special Issue will focus on macroalgae and microalgae-based wastewater treatment technologies while highlighting the latest technology advancements. This topic welcomes high-quality research articles and state-of-the-art critical reviews.

Dr. Changliang Nie
Dr. Chenxi Mi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • microalgae
  • wastewater treatment
  • biomass

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2301 KiB  
Article
The Role of Agricultural Wastes—Peanut Shells in Enhancing Algae–Bacteria Consortia Performance for Efficient Wastewater Treatment
by Yanlin Jiao, Jian Zhao, Nina Sun, Deyang Shi, Dejun Xia, Qingfu Du, Peng Li, Shuqi Mu, Chunxiao Wang, Tangyu Yuan and Meng Cao
Water 2025, 17(4), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17040485 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 650
Abstract
Carbon source limitation is a critical factor restricting the treatment efficiency of domestic wastewater by algae–bacteria consortia. Using agricultural waste as an external carbon source to enhance purification performance holds significant potential. This study investigated the effects of peanut shell powder (PSP) on [...] Read more.
Carbon source limitation is a critical factor restricting the treatment efficiency of domestic wastewater by algae–bacteria consortia. Using agricultural waste as an external carbon source to enhance purification performance holds significant potential. This study investigated the effects of peanut shell powder (PSP) on wastewater treatment in algae–bacteria consortia. The results demonstrated that the optimal PSP dosage (2 mg/L) improved the removal efficiencies of TN, TP, and COD by 29.6%, 40.9%, and 18.7%, respectively. In contrast, excessive PSP reduced the removal performance. The primary mechanism by which PSP influenced the algae–bacteria consortia involved changes in microbial biomass and community structure. An optimal PSP dosage promoted the proliferation of the dominant algal species, Chlorella, enhanced photosynthetic activity, and increased the relative abundance of Rhodanobacter, known for its effective degradation of benzene compounds. Conversely, excessive PSP caused microbial cell rupture, inhibited Chlorella growth and photosynthesis, and elevated the abundance of Microcystis and Brevundimonas, which pose significant health risks. In conclusion, PSP can improve effluent quality and safety in algae–bacteria consortia, which represents a green, economical pathway for optimizing wastewater treatment processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Microalgae and Macroalgae in Water Treatment)
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13 pages, 1527 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Lutein Production from Chlorella sorokiniana NIES-2168 by Using Aquaculture Wastewater with Two-Stage Cultivation Strategies
by Yaxin Yin and Xiaoling Miao
Water 2024, 16(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010079 - 24 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2246
Abstract
Unnecessary discharge of nutrient-rich aquaculture wastewater is a significant threat to the environment, exacerbating massive resource wasting worldwide. Microalgae-based circular economy strategies utilize atmospheric CO2 and aquaculture wastewater nutrients and convert them into valuable compounds. Lutein, a natural pigment, is a nutritional [...] Read more.
Unnecessary discharge of nutrient-rich aquaculture wastewater is a significant threat to the environment, exacerbating massive resource wasting worldwide. Microalgae-based circular economy strategies utilize atmospheric CO2 and aquaculture wastewater nutrients and convert them into valuable compounds. Lutein, a natural pigment, is a nutritional supplement for eye protection, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, and other health benefits. It is widely utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The primary purpose of this study is to reuse aquaculture wastewater to grow microalgae and optimize conditions to achieve a high yield of lutein as well as the removal of nutrients from wastewater. When cultured in 1.0× BG11 nutrient-added aquaculture wastewater and aerated using 2% CO2, the biomass concentration and lutein content of Chlorella sorokiniana NIES-2168 increased to 1.78 g L−1 and 7.43 mg g−1, respectively. A two-stage culture strategy further increased the lutein content and yield of microalgae. The highest lutein content of 13.95 mg g−1 and lutein productivity of 3.63 mg L−1 d−1 in the second stage aligned with other phototrophic microalgae currently used for lutein production. C. sorokiniana NIES-2168 also showed exceptional nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, with nitrate and phosphate removal rates reaching 96.07% and 96.75% during the two-stage culture process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Microalgae and Macroalgae in Water Treatment)
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Review

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14 pages, 284 KiB  
Review
Harnessing Oxygenic Photosynthetic Microorganisms for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Systems: A Comprehensive Review
by Ana Valentina Zamfirescu, Mihaela Marilena Stancu, Ioan I. Ardelean and Cristina Moisescu
Water 2024, 16(21), 3094; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16213094 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1224
Abstract
Aquaculture systems globally face significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning wastewater management. This review explores the innovative application of oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms (OPhMs), specifically microalgae and cyanobacteria, as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment within these systems. OPhMs offer a dual role in wastewater [...] Read more.
Aquaculture systems globally face significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning wastewater management. This review explores the innovative application of oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms (OPhMs), specifically microalgae and cyanobacteria, as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment within these systems. OPhMs offer a dual role in wastewater treatment by removing harmful pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals, while simultaneously improving water quality through oxygenation. We evaluate the integration of OPhMs into existing aquaculture operations, considering key factors such as system design, operational conditions, and economic viability. Additionally, we discuss the potential of algal biomass as a secondary resource for producing biofuels, animal feed, and other bio-products, contributing to the circular economy model. Our findings highlight the ability of OPhM systems to significantly reduce the ecological footprint of aquaculture while recovering valuable resources. However, challenges such as process stability, especially under low-temperature conditions, and the efficiency of biomass harvesting, require further research. This study provides a comprehensive framework for future development and optimization of OPhM-based wastewater treatment systems to improve the sustainability of aquaculture operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Microalgae and Macroalgae in Water Treatment)
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