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Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in Ocean Engineering
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Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in Ocean Engineering

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 December 2024) | Viewed by 9891

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhipeng Zang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Interests: ocean hydrodynamics; sediment transport; ocean engineering; local scour; seabed evolution; renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ming Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
Interests: fluid–structure interaction; local scour of subsea structures; wave energy; fundamental fluid mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To accommodate our ever-increasing energy needs, the exploration of oil and natural gas is marching toward the deep sea, and tremendous efforts have been made toward developing viable renewable energy sources from the ocean. It is utterly important and challenging to guarantee the safety of offshore structures constructed in the ocean for the purpose of extracting resources and energy. Ocean hydrodynamics, such as waves, tidal currents, tropical storms, and even internal waves, have different characteristics and may result in variable kinds of failure in offshore structures. The sediment transport on the seabed due to the long actions of ocean hydrodynamics can also change the seabed morphology, such as the local scour, the large-scale seabed evolution, etc., which may have significant influences on the stability of offshore structures. This Special Issue aims to collect articles that highlight the research on hydrodynamic and sediment transport in ocean engineering through variable methods, including theoretical analyses, numerical simulations, and experiments. It covers a variety of topics including but not limited to waves and tidal currents; internal waves; submarine pipelines/cables; flow/wave–structure interactions; local scour/seabed evolution; and renewable energy. Papers that report new research methods, fundamental fluid mechanics, or applied research outcomes in relevant areas are welcome.

Dr. Zhipeng Zang
Dr. Ming Zhao
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • waves and tidal current
  • internal waves
  • submarine pipelines/cables
  • flow/wave–structure interactions
  • local scour/seabed evolution
  • renewable energy

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 8137 KiB  
Article
Impact of Flow Rate, Sediment Uniformity, and Outlet Size on Sediment Removal Upstream of a Cross-River Structure
by Rana Saud Ahmed and Thamer Ahmed Mohammed
Water 2025, 17(7), 967; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17070967 - 26 Mar 2025
Viewed by 267
Abstract
The sediment accumulation behind dams and cross-river structures reduces storage capacity, increases pool water level, reduces hydropower production, and causes damage to the blades of turbines. The operation of the impoundment hydropower and run-of-river plants is affected by the sediment accumulation in the [...] Read more.
The sediment accumulation behind dams and cross-river structures reduces storage capacity, increases pool water level, reduces hydropower production, and causes damage to the blades of turbines. The operation of the impoundment hydropower and run-of-river plants is affected by the sediment accumulation in the vicinity of their water intake. In this study, the effectiveness of sediment removal through an outlet in a model of cross-river structure was experimentally investigated. The model was fixed tightly at the end of a 2 m working section in a laboratory flume with a length of 12 m, a width of 0.3 m, and a depth of 0.45 m. To study the impact of main variables on scour volume (Vs), a total of 27 experiments were conducted. The studied variables were flow rate (Q), area (Ao), location of outlet centerline outlet from the bed (hs), and uniformity of the sedimentation used in the mobile bed of the working section. For the same outlet area (Ao = 47.5 cm2), results show that when the flow rate increased from 3.2 to 6.3 l/s, the scour volume in nonuniform sediment was increased by twofold. However, the above increment caused the scour volume in uniform sediment to increase by only 170%. In addition, the scour volume in the mobile bed of uniform sediment was found to be greater than that in nonuniform sediment by an average of 17%. For a flow of 3 l/s and when the outlet area was reduced by either 25% or 50%, the scour volume in both uniform and nonuniform sediment was reduced by 46%. The accuracy of the proposed dimensionless multiregression model was statistically tested by calculating the Nash efficiency coefficient (NEC) and found to be 0.91, which confirmed the accuracy of the model prediction. The outcomes of the present study are useful to engineers involved in dam design and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in Ocean Engineering)
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22 pages, 8644 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Transport Induced by Tropical Cyclone and River Discharge in Hangzhou Bay
by Hongquan Zhou and Xiaohui Liu
Water 2025, 17(2), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17020164 - 9 Jan 2025
Viewed by 671
Abstract
Sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay and the adjacent Changjiang Estuary is extremely complex due to the bathymetry and hydrodynamic conditions in this region. Using the particle tracing method based on the ROMS model, three-dimensional (3D) passive particle transport in Hangzhou Bay and the [...] Read more.
Sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay and the adjacent Changjiang Estuary is extremely complex due to the bathymetry and hydrodynamic conditions in this region. Using the particle tracing method based on the ROMS model, three-dimensional (3D) passive particle transport in Hangzhou Bay and the Changjiang Estuary was simulated. Ocean temperature, salinity, and circulation patterns before and during Severe Tropical Storm Ampil (2018) were reproduced by the model. The circulation in Hangzhou Bay is significantly influenced by the passing of the storm with an enhanced southeastward surface current. The along-front current offshore of the Changjiang Estuary, accompanied by the Changjiang River plume, is weakened by strong mixing under the storm. The transport of passive particles before and during the storm was also simulated based on the current fields of the model. The results show that the passing of the tropical storm enhances mass exchange in Hangzhou Bay by the storm-induced southeast circulation, while particle transport near the Changjiang Estuary decreases as the estuarine plume is weakened by the intense mixing of strong winds of the storm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in Ocean Engineering)
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14 pages, 14651 KiB  
Article
Effects of Fallen Posidonia Oceanica Seagrass Leaves on Wave Energy at Sandy Beaches
by Ogan Sevim and Emre N. Otay
Water 2024, 16(16), 2261; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162261 - 11 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1134
Abstract
Posidonia Oceanica (PO) is an endemic marine plant in the Mediterranean Sea. In an experimental study conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean, the effects of natural PO leaves on reducing the height of incident waves impacting a beach were measured. The transmission coefficient ( [...] Read more.
Posidonia Oceanica (PO) is an endemic marine plant in the Mediterranean Sea. In an experimental study conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean, the effects of natural PO leaves on reducing the height of incident waves impacting a beach were measured. The transmission coefficient (Kt) was found to vary between 0.73 and 0.94, which is equivalent to a wave height decay of 6–27%. The results show that in their natural environment, free-floating dead PO leaves dissipate incoming wave energy and have the capacity to protect beaches against erosion. Further analysis in separate frequency bands showed that waves with periods between 4.5–6.2 s were more sensitive to PO leaves in terms of energy dissipation. The transmission coefficient for medium-period waves, calculated using the medium-frequency part of the wave spectrum, delivered a maximum transmission coefficient of 0.5, corresponding to a 50% decay in wave height due to PO leaves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in Ocean Engineering)
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26 pages, 7918 KiB  
Article
Mitigating Scour at Bridge Abutments: An Experimental Investigation of Waste Material as an Eco-Friendly Solution
by Nadir Murtaza, Zaka Ullah Khan, Khaled Mohamed Khedher, Rana Adnan Amir, Diyar Khan, Mohamed Abdelaziz Salem and Saleh Alsulamy
Water 2023, 15(21), 3798; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15213798 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2912
Abstract
Scouring around bridge abutments is a crucial and complex process that sometimes may lead to the failure of the bridge abutment. Therefore, in the present research, scouring around bridge abutments under clear water conditions was examined without and with countermeasures for providing an [...] Read more.
Scouring around bridge abutments is a crucial and complex process that sometimes may lead to the failure of the bridge abutment. Therefore, in the present research, scouring around bridge abutments under clear water conditions was examined without and with countermeasures for providing an economical solution. A total of forty-five experiments were performed under clear water conditions to find the maximum scour depth around the bridge abutment. Experiments were performed in two different phases. In the first phase, scour depth was investigated without any countermeasures. In the second phase, scour depth was investigated using marble and brick waste as a countermeasure. The results showed that the maximum scour depth around the bridge abutment (at a distance of 10 cm on the upstream side and 15 cm on the downstream side of the abutment) for the Froude’s number of 0.22 was 0.137 m without any countermeasure. The scouring depth increased up to 40% with an increase in the Froude’s number from 0.13 to 0.22. The maximum reduction of scour depth was observed to be 40% and 55% when brick and marble waste were used as a countermeasure, respectively, compared to without a countermeasure case. It was concluded that marble and brick waste not only reduced scour depth to a significant level but also provided an economical solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in Ocean Engineering)
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18 pages, 5704 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Fixed Comb-Type Floating Breakwater
by Zi Wang, Zhuo Fang, Zhipeng Zang and Jinfeng Zhang
Water 2023, 15(15), 2689; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152689 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1750
Abstract
A comb-type floating breakwater is a new wave dissipation structure with particular force and dissipation performance advantages due to the two wave-reflecting surfaces. In this article, physical model experiments are used to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of a fixed floating comb breakwater and [...] Read more.
A comb-type floating breakwater is a new wave dissipation structure with particular force and dissipation performance advantages due to the two wave-reflecting surfaces. In this article, physical model experiments are used to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of a fixed floating comb breakwater and two structural optimization-based measures under the combined action of regular waves, irregular waves, and wave currents. The effects of factors such as the relative width, relative wave height, water flow velocity, and irregular waves on the transmission coefficient of the breakwater are analyzed. In addition, the characteristics of the transmission wave waveform are analyzed based on the time and frequency domains. The results show that (1) the wave transmission coefficient of a comb-type floating breakwater is lower than that of a rectangular floating box for long-period waves, while the transmission coefficient is larger than that of a rectangular floating box for short-period waves. (2) Under combined current and waves, the superimposition of bidirectional currents can increase the transmission coefficient, and the transmission coefficient increases with increasing current speed. The superimposition of the anti-directional current can decrease the transmission coefficient. (3) Moreover, with the same wave parameters, the transmission coefficient for irregular waves is larger than that of regular waves. (4) Finally, extending the bottom plate and adding lower baffles can effectively enhance the wave dissipation effect of the comb-type floating breakwater while also stabilizing the transmitted wave waveform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in Ocean Engineering)
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17 pages, 7950 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Tidal Current and Sediment Movement in the Sea Area near Weifang Port
by Jiarui Qi, Yige Jing, Chao Chen and Jinfeng Zhang
Water 2023, 15(14), 2516; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142516 - 9 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2175
Abstract
This paper uses the finite-volume community ocean model (FVCOM) coupled with the simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) in a wave–current–sediment model to simulate the tidal current field, wave field, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) field in the sea area near Weifang Port, China. The [...] Read more.
This paper uses the finite-volume community ocean model (FVCOM) coupled with the simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) in a wave–current–sediment model to simulate the tidal current field, wave field, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) field in the sea area near Weifang Port, China. The three-dimensional water-and-sediment model was modified by introducing a sediment-settling-velocity formula that considers the effect of gradation. Next, the SSCs calculated by the original and modified models were compared with the measured data. The SSCs calculated by the modified model were closer to the measured data, as evidenced by the smaller mean relative error and root-mean-square error. The results show that the modified coupled wave–current–sediment model can reasonably describe the hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment movement in the sea area near Weifang Port, and the nearshore SSCs calculated by the modified model were higher than those calculated by the original model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in Ocean Engineering)
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