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Water
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Modeling and Measurement of Driftwood Movement in Rivers
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Modeling and Measurement of Driftwood Movement in Rivers

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2021) | Viewed by 11311

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ichiro Kimura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Sustainable Design, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
Interests: turbulence in open channels; river morphology; driftwood; computational hydraulics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, driftwood has become a major issue for river engineering in terms of both disasters and environmental concerns. The movement and collection of driftwood in rivers has diverse aspects. Driftwood can cause or exacerbate disasters in rivers through direct damage of river structures and buildings, water level increase due to driftwood jamming, clogging of intakes, and so forth. On the other hand, driftwood can benefit rivers, for instance, through provision of shelters for fish and food for some organisms. To manage driftwood both for mitigating disasters and preserving its benefits, understanding driftwood dynamics in rivers is of critical importance. However, there are still many topics which have not been well elucidated, such as the response of driftwood to turbulent river flows through entrainment and motion, grounding and deposition on the river bed or banks, collision with structures, and jamming around bridge piers, standing trees, or other obstructions. The problem is broad and complex because it incorporates the interaction of driftwood with both the river flow, the river morphology, and riverine sediment transport.

This Special Issue focuses on innovative research clarifying the static and dynamic behavior of driftwood in rivers. This includes new measurement/observation methods, physical model experiments, theoretical approaches, numerical analysis modeling, or other topics related to the role and behavior of driftwood in rivers. I expect contributions which deeply penetrate the essence of this complex and profoundly important phenomena. I hope that the publication of this Special Issue will play a significant role in the progress of research concerning driftwood in rivers, both in terms of establishing the current state of science and through identification of those important issues yet to be addressed.

Prof. Dr. Ichiro Kimura
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • driftwood
  • woody debris
  • river environment
  • flood
  • computational modeling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 8018 KiB  
Article
Modeling Large Wood Transport in Semi-Congested Regime with Multiple Entry Points
by Elisabetta Persi, Sabrina Meninno, Gabriella Petaccia, Stefano Sibilla and Aronne Armanini
Water 2022, 14(3), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030421 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2584
Abstract
Wood transport during flood events can increase inundation risk and should be included in numerical models to estimate the associated residual risk. This paper presents the application of a fully Eulerian model that considers floating wood as a passive superficial pollutant through the [...] Read more.
Wood transport during flood events can increase inundation risk and should be included in numerical models to estimate the associated residual risk. This paper presents the application of a fully Eulerian model that considers floating wood as a passive superficial pollutant through the adaptation of the advection–diffusion equation. A set of experiments is performed in a sinusoidal flume with a contraction to model semi-congested wood transport. The variation of the log release position replicates the possible variability of large wood entrainment during real events. The experiments are used to validate the numerical model, providing a comparison of the wood mass transport. Different release modes are also tested. The model predicts the position of the released logs and the overall transported mass, independently of the release position and modes, with an accuracy that varies along the flume length and across the flume axis. The analysis of the experimental and numerical transport velocity shows that modulation of the transport velocity is needed to ensure adequate model performances for semi-congested conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Measurement of Driftwood Movement in Rivers)
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17 pages, 11517 KiB  
Article
Mechanisms and Countermeasures on Sediment and Wood Damage in Sediment Retarding Basins
by Norio Harada, Kana Nakatani, Ichiro Kimura, Yoshifumi Satofuka and Takahisa Mizuyama
Water 2021, 13(22), 3283; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223283 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2248
Abstract
Improvements in sediment retarding basin design are required to mitigate flood damage caused by bed load and wood debris outflow in lower river reaches. We used a scaled sediment retarding basin model to optimize our basin design, with the goal of improving sediment [...] Read more.
Improvements in sediment retarding basin design are required to mitigate flood damage caused by bed load and wood debris outflow in lower river reaches. We used a scaled sediment retarding basin model to optimize our basin design, with the goal of improving sediment and wood debris transport and capture. Changes to the structural dimensions and elements of the sediment retarding basin were assessed under experimental debris flow conditions. The results obtained from the experiments and simulations were in good agreement regarding sediment flow and containment. The proposed one-dimensional model is useful for showing the effects of flow conditions within a sediment retarding basin on sediment transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Measurement of Driftwood Movement in Rivers)
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20 pages, 55701 KiB  
Article
3D–3D Computations on Submerged-Driftwood Motions in Water Flows with Large Wood Density around Driftwood Capture Facility
by Ichiro Kimura, Taeun Kang and Kazuo Kato
Water 2021, 13(10), 1406; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101406 - 18 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2489
Abstract
The accumulation of driftwood during heavy rainfall may block river channels and damage structures. It is necessary to mitigate such effects by periodically capturing and removing driftwood from rivers. In this study, the behavior of driftwood in open-channel flows with a relatively large [...] Read more.
The accumulation of driftwood during heavy rainfall may block river channels and damage structures. It is necessary to mitigate such effects by periodically capturing and removing driftwood from rivers. In this study, the behavior of driftwood in open-channel flows with a relatively large wood density was modeled numerically. The water flow and driftwood motion were solved three-dimensionally, with an Euler-type flow model coupled with a Lagrange-type driftwood motion model. A piece of driftwood was modeled as a set of connected spherical elements in a straight line for easy analysis using a discrete element method. Wood with specific gravity exceeding 1 will travel along a position near the riverbed and will be affected by bed friction. In addition, friction forces for sliding and rolling motions are considerably different. Therefore, in the numerical model, a bed friction term was introduced between the bed and driftwood considering the anisotropy of the friction force. The variation in the drag force of water flow on driftwood was also considered depending on the angle between the driftwood trunkwise direction and flow direction. The model was applied under the same conditions as those used in a laboratory experiment on driftwood behavior around an inlet-type driftwood capture facility. The computational results showed that the proposed model could qualitatively reproduce the driftwood behavior around the capture facility. The secondary flow patterns at the approaching reach and the capture ratio were found to be strongly affected by the turbulence model and the Manning roughness coefficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Measurement of Driftwood Movement in Rivers)
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16 pages, 5751 KiB  
Article
The Role of Large-Scale Bedforms in Driftwood Storage Mechanism in Rivers
by Takara Okitsu, Toshiki Iwasaki, Tomoko Kyuka and Yasuyuki Shimizu
Water 2021, 13(6), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060811 - 16 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2781
Abstract
The quantification of driftwood deposition in rivers is important for understanding the total budget of driftwood at the watershed scale; however, it remains unclear how such driftwood storage in rivers contributes to the overall system because of the difficulties in undertaking field measurements. [...] Read more.
The quantification of driftwood deposition in rivers is important for understanding the total budget of driftwood at the watershed scale; however, it remains unclear how such driftwood storage in rivers contributes to the overall system because of the difficulties in undertaking field measurements. Herein, we perform numerical simulations of driftwood deposition within an idealized river reach with a sand-bed, to describe the role of large-scale bedforms, more specifically, alternate bars, multiple bars, and braiding, in driftwood storage in rivers. The numerical model we propose here is a coupling model involving a Lagrangian-type driftwood model and an Eulerian two-dimensional morphodynamic model for simulating large-scale bedforms (i.e., bars and braiding). The results show that the channel with a braiding pattern provides a wide area with enhanced capacity for deposition of driftwood, characterized by exposed mid-channel or in-channel bars, leading to high driftwood storage. The alternate bar is also a large bedform representing a sediment depositional element in rivers; however, because of the narrow exposed bar area and its downstream-migrating feature during floods, the alternate bars seem to contribute less to driftwood deposition in rivers. This suggests that the role of multiple bars and braiding is critically important for the driftwood deposition in rivers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Measurement of Driftwood Movement in Rivers)
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