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Vaccines
Special Issues
Vaccination and Public Health in the 21st Century, 2nd Edition
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Vaccination and Public Health in the 21st Century, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 1023

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Evridiki Patelarou

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Guest Editor
Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
Interests: epidemiology; public health; health promotion; disease prevention; evidence-based practice
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Enkeleint A. Mechili

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Guest Editor
Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, 9401 Vlora, Albania
Interests: public health; health policy; epidemiology; primary care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Athina E. Patelarou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
2. Laboratory of Evidence-Based Healthcare, Education and Clinical Protocols, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
Interests: evidence-based practice; precision health; genomic nursing; clinical decision making; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is with great pleasure that I can introduce this Special Issue, titled “Vaccination and Public Health in the 21st Century, 2nd Edition”. Today, the discussion on vaccines is of great importance. Their significance in the eradication of different communicable diseases is clear and evident globally. In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has dominated our lives, and the development of several safe and effective vaccines has saved millions of people across the world, as well as decreased the chances of hospitalization for many more. This Special Issue aims to present the role of the vaccination in public health at a global level. This issue focuses on laboratory and clinical vaccine research, its utilization, and immunization, as well as health technology assessments of new vaccines, their cost-effectiveness, safety, efficacy, etc. This collection of works does not focus on a specific country or disease. Articles that focus on the reappearance of communicable diseases that had been eradicated in the past are also very welcome. Moreover, articles that focus on the importance of vaccination in public health will be processed with priority.

Dr. Evridiki Patelarou
Dr. Enkeleint A. Mechili
Dr. Athina E. Patelarou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccines
  • public health
  • clinical vaccine research
  • immunization
  • health technology assessment
  • vaccine development

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1424 KB  
Article
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine at Age 50 for Chinese Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Modelling Study
by Yifei Wu, Yao Yao and Jue Liu
Vaccines 2026, 14(5), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14050406 - 1 May 2026
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Abstract
Background: The recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) has been shown to reduce the risk of dementia and delay cognitive decline. However, economic evaluations in populations with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), particularly those incorporating cognitive outcomes, remain unavailable. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of [...] Read more.
Background: The recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) has been shown to reduce the risk of dementia and delay cognitive decline. However, economic evaluations in populations with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), particularly those incorporating cognitive outcomes, remain unavailable. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of RZV vaccination at age 50 among Chinese adults with MCI. Methods: A decision tree–Markov model was developed from a societal perspective to assess the lifetime cost-effectiveness of RZV (Shingrix, GSK) in a cohort of 1 million immunocompetent Chinese adults with MCI receiving vaccination at the age of 50. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), while secondary outcomes included cases averted and the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one case of herpes zoster (HZ), postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), and dementia. A willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold equivalent to the 2024 Chinese gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (13,121 USD) was applied. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results. Results: Over a lifetime horizon, RZV vaccination was estimated to avert 54.64% of HZ cases, 97.58% of PHN cases, and 12.28% of dementia cases compared with no vaccination, resulting in an additional 2.23 million quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. The ICER was 4216.99 USD/QALY, remaining well below the WTP threshold. The corresponding NNVs were 6.25 for HZ, 24.03 for PHN, and 280.82 for dementia progression. Conclusions: RZV vaccination is cost-effective for Chinese adults aged 50 years with MCI, providing substantial health gains through reductions in both HZ burden and dementia progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination and Public Health in the 21st Century, 2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 2768 KB  
Article
The Socioeconomic Gradient of the Global Varicella Burden: A U-Shaped Pattern in Incidence and the Resurgent Trend in High-Income Countries (1990–2035)
by Feifan Ren, Jiawen Li, Shiyuan Song, Peipei Chai, Feng Guo, Zheng Wang and Yihua Li
Vaccines 2026, 14(5), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14050390 - 27 Apr 2026
Viewed by 395
Abstract
Background: Varicella burden is closely linked to national socioeconomic development, yet systematic analyses of its non-linear relationship with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) are lacking. This study aims to elucidate this relationship and inform equitable, context-specific strategies. Methods: Based on data from [...] Read more.
Background: Varicella burden is closely linked to national socioeconomic development, yet systematic analyses of its non-linear relationship with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) are lacking. This study aims to elucidate this relationship and inform equitable, context-specific strategies. Methods: Based on data from the Global Burden of Diseases 2021 study, we analyzed global trends (1990–2021) in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of varicella. Joinpoint regression was used to identify trend transition points, and an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to forecast the disease burden through 2035. Analyses were conducted, and countries and territories were stratified into five SDI groups: high (SDI > 0.81), high–middle (0.70–0.81), middle (0.61–0.69), low–middle (0.46–0.60), and low (SDI < 0.46). These approaches aimed to systematically elucidate the socioeconomic gradient of the varicella burden and to specifically investigate its potential non-linear relationship with SDI. Results: From 1990 to 2021, global age-standardized mortality and DALYs declined by −45.71% (95% UI: −48.32% to −42.95%) and −36.15% (95% UI: −39.04% to −33.01%), respectively, while incidence and prevalence rates slightly increased. A significant U-shaped relationship emerged between burden and SDI, with rates highest in low- and high-SDI regions. The rise in high-SDI regions was driven by increasing incidence and prevalence from 1996 to 2015. Projections to 2035 indicate continued global decline but persistent disparities. Conclusions: The varicella burden follows a U-shaped socioeconomic gradient. Rising incidence in high-SDI regions highlights that economic development and routine pediatric vaccination alone are insufficient. Precision strategies tailored to SDI levels—closing adult immunity gaps in high-SDI, sustaining gains in middle-SDI, and expanding vaccine access in low-SDI regions—are essential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination and Public Health in the 21st Century, 2nd Edition)
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