Advances in Poisonous Mushrooms and Their Toxins

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 258

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
Interests: mushroom toxins; rapid detection methods; food toxicolgy and nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Diease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Interests: mushroom poisoning control; species diversity; toxin detection; toxicology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Picking and eating wild mushrooms have gained popularity in recent years. Discrimination between edible and poisonous mushrooms is difficult because of their extremely similar morphologies. Consequently, mushroom poisoning incidents have been widely reported, and they are also becoming serious food safety and public health issues worldwide. Currently, more than 1200 poisonous mushrooms have been discovered worldwide along with > 100 mushroom toxins reported. These mushroom toxins have significant differences in chemical structures and show distinct toxicities or activities. They cause gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological symptoms, allergic reactions, hemolysis symptoms, and liver and kidney damage, further leading to high morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, there are still a large number of poisonous mushrooms and toxins that have not been fully investigated. Moreover, limited research on detection methods, toxicology evaluation and treatment measures is available for a limited number of mushroom toxins. Numerous poisonous mushrooms and their toxins remain unknown. The purpose of this Special Issue will be to focus on the recent advances in poisonous mushrooms and their toxins, including (but not limited to) poisonous mushroom classification, mushroom poisoning investigation, discovery of mushroom toxins, detection methods, metabolism, toxicity mechanisms, and treatment measures. Original research papers and reviews describing novel concepts and findings in this field are welcome. 

Dr. Zhiyong Zhao
Dr. Haijiao Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • poisonous mushroom
  • mushroom toxins
  • mushroom poisoning
  • detection methods
  • metabolism and toxicity mecha-nism
  • control strategies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1959 KiB  
Article
Toxin Profiling of Amanita citrina and A. sinocitrina: First Report of Buiotenine Detection
by Yi-Zhe Zhang, Yi Yao, Kai-Ping Zhang, Jia-Qi Liang, Jia-Ju Zhong, Zhong-Feng Li, Hai-Jiao Li and Fei Xu
Toxins 2025, 17(5), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17050247 - 16 May 2025
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Abstract
Amanita species are widely distributed worldwide. Many of these species are poisonous and can cause health problems, resulting in morbidity and mortality. The toxins responsible for poisoning are amatoxins, aminohexadienoic acid, ibotenic acid, muscimol and muscarines, which damage the liver, kidney, central nervous [...] Read more.
Amanita species are widely distributed worldwide. Many of these species are poisonous and can cause health problems, resulting in morbidity and mortality. The toxins responsible for poisoning are amatoxins, aminohexadienoic acid, ibotenic acid, muscimol and muscarines, which damage the liver, kidney, central nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. In recent years, several toxins have been discovered from different poisonous mushrooms. In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotube purification and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for the sensitive detection and targeted quantitative screening of 12 mushroom toxins (muscarine, two isoxazole derivatives, three tryptamine alkaloids, three amatoxins and three phallotoxins) from Amanita citrina, A. citrina var. grisea and A. sinocitrina. This study found that buiotenine, one of the tryptamine alkaloids, was detected in A. citrina and A. sinocitrina with an average content of 2.90 and 1.19–6.70 g/kg (n = 3) in the dried mushrooms, respectively. None of the 12 common toxins were discovered in A. citrina var. grisea. These results provide reference data for future research on the role of toxins in the evolution of Amanita mushrooms. Future studies should explore the biosynthetic pathways and ecological roles of these toxins in Amanita species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Poisonous Mushrooms and Their Toxins)
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