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Symmetry
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Dental Implant Macrogeometry and Biomaterials
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Dental Implant Macrogeometry and Biomaterials

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Life Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 19205

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. José Luis Calvo Guirado

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department Oral and Implant Surgery, Faculty of Oral Sciences, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
2. Research Professor Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technologies, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York, NY, USA
Interests: dental implant design; biomedical engineering; types of biomaterials and bioceramics; dentin bone grafts; implant connection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Implant design plays an important role in marginal bone maintenance and many different implant designs have attempted to preserve bone height after implant installation. Implant macrogeometry must reduce the stress on the bone surrounding the implant and stimulate bone remodeling. Surface characteristics also have a significant influence on marginal bone loss. In the case of hybrid implants, microgooves, micro-rings and flat surfaces, most of the implants present alveolar bone loss over the entire length of the flat surface, but SLA active and new bioactive surfaces will increase the bone to implant contact. New biomaterials made from bioglass, tooth grinded and silicate materials will increase new bone formation.

It is my immense pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue, “Dental Implant Macrogeometry and Biomaterials". Full research articles, short communications and comprehensive review papers covering all aspects of implant design, implant micro- and macrogeometry, and biomaterial engineering are welcome, as are papers on related topics.

Prof. Dr. José Luis Calvo Guirado
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dental implants
  • macrogeometry
  • biomaterials
  • tooth graft
  • hidroxyapatite
  • bioglass

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2322 KiB  
Article
Short vs. Standard Length Cone Morse Connection Implants: An In Vitro Pilot Study in Low Density Polyurethane Foam
by Luca Comuzzi, Margherita Tumedei, Adriano Piattelli and Giovanna Iezzi
Symmetry 2019, 11(11), 1349; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11111349 - 1 Nov 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3342
Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the insertion torque, pull-out torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) of short implants (SI) and standard length implants (ST) inserted into linearly elastic and constitutive isotropic symmetry polyurethane foam blocks. Short dental titanium implants with [...] Read more.
The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the insertion torque, pull-out torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) of short implants (SI) and standard length implants (ST) inserted into linearly elastic and constitutive isotropic symmetry polyurethane foam blocks. Short dental titanium implants with a Cone Morse connection and a conical shape (test implants: Test Implant A—diameter 5.5 mm and length 6 mm) (Test Implant B—diameter 5.5 mm and length 5 mm) were used for the present in vitro investigation. ST implants (4 mm diameter and 10 mm length), with a Cone Morse connection and a conical shape, were used as Control Implant A and as Control Implants B. These two latter implants had a different macro design. A total of 20 implants (5 Test A, 5 Test B, 5 Control A and 5 Control B) were used for the present research. The results were similar when comparing the Test A and Test B implants. The test implants had very good stability in polyurethane 14.88–29.76 kgm3 density blocks. The insertion torque values were very high for both types of test implant (25–32 Ncm on 14.88 kgm blocks, and up to 45 Ncm in 29.76 kgm3 blocks). The pull-out test values were very similar to the insertion torque values. The ISQ values were significantly high with 75–80 in 14.88 kgm3 blocks, and 78–83 in 29.76 kgm3 blocks. No differences were found in the values of the Control A and Control B implants. In both these implants, the insertion torque was quite low in the 14.88 kgm3 blocks (16–28 Ncm). Better results were found in the 29.76 kgm3 blocks. The pull-out values for these control implants were slightly lower than the insertion torque values. High ISQ values were found in both control implants (57–80). When comparing SI and ST implants, the SI had a similar if not better performance in low quality polyurethane foam blocks (14.88–29.76 kgm), corresponding to D3 and D4 bone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implant Macrogeometry and Biomaterials)
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13 pages, 3690 KiB  
Article
Influence of Mucosal Thickness, Implant Dimensions and Stability in Cone Morse Implant Installed at Subcrestal Bone Level on the Peri-Implant Bone: A Prospective Clinical and Radiographic Study
by Sergio Alexandre Gehrke, Mauro Bercianos, Jorge Gonzalo Aguerrondo, José Luis Calvo-Guirado and Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos
Symmetry 2019, 11(9), 1138; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11091138 - 7 Sep 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5368
Abstract
The objective of this observational clinical study was to analyze the behavior of peri-implant tissues around cone Morse dental implants installed in the subcrestal bone position considering different clinical variables: Mucosal thickness, implant diameter, and implant length. Thirty patients were selected and included [...] Read more.
The objective of this observational clinical study was to analyze the behavior of peri-implant tissues around cone Morse dental implants installed in the subcrestal bone position considering different clinical variables: Mucosal thickness, implant diameter, and implant length. Thirty patients were selected and included in the present study. Initially the thickness of the mucosa was measured by periapical radiographic and clinically (after the mucosal displaced). According to the planning for each treatment, implants with different dimensions (in length and diameter) were selected and used. Periapical radiographs were obtained at different times: Immediate postoperative (time t1) and 90 days after implantation (time t2). The initial stability of the implants (ISQ) was measured immediately of the implant insertion and 90 days after. The means and standard deviations of the ISQ values were in time t1 was 63.2 ± 6.99 (95% confidence interval (CI): 41 to 83) and in time t2 was 69.7 ± 7.09 (95% CI: 61 to 87). Overall mean of mesial and distal bone loss 90 days after the implantations were 1.11 ± 1.16 mm and 1.11 ± 1.15 mm, respectively. When the variables were considered, in all situations proposed, the bone loss showed differences statistically significant. In conclusion, the implant diameter and mucosal thickness variables showed an important effect on bone loss values. However, the implant length did not show an effect on the peri-implant behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implant Macrogeometry and Biomaterials)
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15 pages, 3229 KiB  
Article
RETRACTED: Intraosteal Behavior of Porous Scaffolds: The mCT Raw-Data Analysis as a Tool for Better Understanding
by Andrés Parrilla-Almansa, Carlos Alberto González-Bermúdez, Silvia Sánchez-Sánchez, Luis Meseguer-Olmo, Carlos Manuel Martínez-Cáceres, Francisco Martínez-Martínez, José Luis Calvo-Guirado, Juan José Piñero de Armas, Juan Manuel Aragoneses, Nuria García-Carrillo and Piedad N. De Aza
Symmetry 2019, 11(4), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11040532 - 12 Apr 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3216 | Retraction
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the existing correlation between high-resolution 3D imaging technique obtained through Micro Computed Tomography (mCT) and histological-histomorphometric images to determine in vivo bone osteogenic behavior of bioceramic scaffolds. A Ca-Si-P scaffold ceramic doped and non-doped (control) [...] Read more.
The aim of the study is to determine the existing correlation between high-resolution 3D imaging technique obtained through Micro Computed Tomography (mCT) and histological-histomorphometric images to determine in vivo bone osteogenic behavior of bioceramic scaffolds. A Ca-Si-P scaffold ceramic doped and non-doped (control) with a natural demineralized bone matrix (DBM) were implanted in rabbit tibias for 1, 3, and 5 months. A progressive disorganization and disintegration of scaffolds and bone neoformation occurs, from the periphery to the center of the implants, without any differences between histomorphometric and radiological analysis. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) between DMB-doped and non-doped materials where only detected through mathematical analysis of mCT. In this way, average attenuation coefficient for DMB-doped decreased from 0.99 ± 0.23 Hounsfield Unit (HU) (3 months) to 0.86 ± 0.32 HU (5 months). Average values for non-doped decreased from 0.86 ± 0.25 HU (3 months) to 0.66 ± 0.33 HU. Combination of radiological analysis and mathematical mCT seems to provide an adequate in vivo analysis of bone-implanted biomaterials after surgery, obtaining similar results to the one provided by histomorphometric analysis. Mathematical analysis of Computed Tomography (CT) would allow the conducting of long-term duration in vivo studies, without the need for animal sacrifice, and the subsequent reduction in variability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implant Macrogeometry and Biomaterials)
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11 pages, 2446 KiB  
Article
Vertical Bone Construction with Bone Marrow-Derived and Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells
by Thaiz Carrera-Arrabal, José Luis Calvo-Guirado, Fabricio Passador-Santos, Carlos Eduardo Sorgi da Costa, Frank Róger Teles Costa, Antonio Carlos Aloise, Marcelo Henrique Napimoga, Juan Manuel Aragoneses and André Antonio Pelegrine
Symmetry 2019, 11(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11010059 - 8 Jan 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2976
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to conduct a histomorphometric analysis of bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue-derived stem cells, associated with a xenograft block, in vertical bone constructions in rabbit calvaria. Ten rabbits received two xenograft blocks on the calvaria, after decortication of [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a histomorphometric analysis of bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue-derived stem cells, associated with a xenograft block, in vertical bone constructions in rabbit calvaria. Ten rabbits received two xenograft blocks on the calvaria, after decortication of the parietal bone. The blocks were fixed with titanium screws. The blocks were combined with the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) group (right side of the calvaria) or with the adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the adipose tissue stem cell (ATSC) group (left side of the calvaria). After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and their parietal bones were fixed in 10% formalin for the histomorphometric analysis. The following parameters were evaluated—newly formed bone (NFB), xenogeneic residual particles (XRP), and non-mineralized tissue (NMT). The histomorphometric analysis revealed 11.9 ± 7.5% and 7.6 ± 5.6% for NFB, 22.14 ± 8.5% and 21.6 ± 8.5% for XRP, and 65.8 ± 10.4% and 70.8 ± 7.4% for NMT in groups BMSC and ATSC, respectively, with statistically significant differences in the NFB and the NMT between the groups, but no differences in the XRP. Therefore, it can be concluded that the bone marrow-derived stem cells seem to have more potential for the bone formation than do the adipose tissue-derived stem cells when used in combination with the xenogenous blocks in the vertical bone construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implant Macrogeometry and Biomaterials)
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12 pages, 4326 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Cortical Deformation Induced by Distal Cantilevers Supported by Extra-Short Implants: A Finite Elements Analysis Study
by Enrique Fernández-Bodereau, Viviana Yolanda Flores, Rafael Arcesio Delgado-Ruiz, Juan Manuel Aragoneses and José Luis Calvo-Guirado
Symmetry 2018, 10(12), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120762 - 17 Dec 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3590
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of stresses caused by an axial force in a three-dimensional model with the finite element method in the implant-supported fixed partial denture with distal overhang (PPFIVD) on short dental implants in the [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of stresses caused by an axial force in a three-dimensional model with the finite element method in the implant-supported fixed partial denture with distal overhang (PPFIVD) on short dental implants in the posterior edentulous maxilla. Methods: geometrical models of the maxilla with a bone remnant of 9 and 5 mm were created. Straumann SP® (Base, Switzerland) implants were placed in the premolar area. Two groups with subgroups were designed. Group A (GA): PPFIVD on two implants (GA1: 4.1 × 8 mm and GA2: 4.1 × 4 mm); Group B (GB): PPFIVD on the single implant (GB1: 4.1 × 8 mm and GB2: 4.1 × 4 mm). It was applied to a static force of 100 N to 30°. Results: PPFIVD on two implants reached the maximum tension in GA2 with respect to GA1; the difference was not significant in implants. In the maxilla GA2 was lower in relation to GA1; the difference was not significant. In PPFIVD over an implant, the stress was greater in GB2 with respect to GB1; the difference was significant in maxilla and implants. Peri-implant bone micro deformations and prosthesis-implant displacements were observed. Conclusions: PPFIVD over short splinted implants could be viable in the maxilla with reduced bone height, being an option when lifting the floor of the maxillary sinus. The rehabilitation with unitary implant (4 mm) did not provide adequate results. The dominant tensions evidenced bone micro-distortions with a displacement of the prosthesis-implant set. The real statement of this paper was to define that short splinted implants can be used in soft bone with high success rate in reducing bending forces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implant Macrogeometry and Biomaterials)
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