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Sustainable Development of Enzyme System for Industrial Applications

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sustainability and Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 8425

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Soni

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Guest Editor

Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
Interests: industrial microbiology; microbial enzymology; waste management; bioenergy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microorganisms function as cell factories producing thousands of enzymes acting as biocatalysts in various transformations. A few of these microbial enzymes include cellulases, hemicellulases, amylases, lipases, proteases, pectinases, inulinases, chitinases, laccases, glucose isomerases, and many more are found to have numerous industrial applications. These enzyme systems are eco-friendly and found to be superior in various industrial processes. They have been investigated extensively for large-scale production, characterization, purification, and applications in free as well as immobilized systems. The microbial enzyme systems show potential in various industrial sectors including food, feed, pharmaceutical, alcohol, biofuel, agriculture, textile, leather, sweeteners, flavors, bioremediation as well as solid waste management. Efforts are being made in tailoring the microorganisms for better productivities and stabilities of these enzymes for better performance in industrial systems as well as searching for new enzymes or new applications for sustainable development. The purpose of this issue is to compile the current status, recent developments, and future perspectives of enzyme systems for the sustainability of humankind on this planet.

The current Special Issue focuses on microbial enzyme systems with industrial applications for sustainable development. The enzyme systems make the indsustrial processes cleaner, sustainable and ecofriendly by replacing the toxic and hazardous chemicals and operating conditions for environment protection. The aim of this Special Issue is to compile the research work indicating the current status, recent developments and future perspectives of enzyme systems for the sustainability of humankind on this planet.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

Microbial enzyme systems for various industrial applications
Microbial enzyme systems in sustainable agriculture, bioremediation, and environmental protection
Microbial enzyme systems in health and therapeutics
Microbial enzyme systems in biofuels production
Microbial enzyme systems in the pulp, textile, and leather industry
Microbial enzyme systems in food and feed production
Tailoring of microorganisms for improved enzyme productivity and stability

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Soni
Guest Editor

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Keywords

microbial enzymes
fermentation
ethanol
bioremedation
biofuels
pulp and paper
food and feed
textile
leather
therapeutics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1972 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Kitchen Waste Residues Using Multi-Enzyme Preparation from Aspergillus niger P-19 for the Production of Biofertilizer Formulations

by Apurav Sharma, Sakshi Dogra, Bishakha Thakur, Jyoti Yadav, Raman Soni and Sanjeev Kumar Soni

Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9182; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129182 - 6 Jun 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1432

Abstract

This study addresses the management of kitchen waste by transforming it into biofertilizer formulations, utilizing an effective, in-house-developed multi-enzyme preparation. An approach consisting of separate hydrolysis and fermentation bioprocessing processes was used, employing a multi-enzyme preparation from Aspergillus niger P-19 to separately hydrolyze kitchen waste, followed by the fermentation of the hydrolysate for the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae AP-407, which has biofertilizer traits. This has led to the simultaneous generation of liquid as well as carrier-based biofertilizer formulations with viable cell counts of 3.00 × 10¹² CFU/mL and 3.00 × 10¹² CFU/g, respectively. Both biofertilizer formulations significantly enhanced the morphometric characteristics and leaf chlorophyll contents of Tagetes erecta, in addition to enriching the soil with essential nutrients. The current study adopted a novel processing technology for the manufacturing of both carrier and liquid biofertilizers, adopting a zero-waste approach for the management of kitchen waste. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Enzyme System for Industrial Applications)

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19 pages, 5458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Potential of Potato Peels for Bioethanol Production through Various Pretreatment Strategies and an In-House-Produced Multi-Enzyme System

by Sanjeev Kumar Soni, Binny Sharma, Apurav Sharma, Bishakha Thakur and Raman Soni

Sustainability 2023, 15(11), 9137; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15119137 - 5 Jun 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3152

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the viability of converting potato peel waste into bioethanol using a custom-produced multi-enzyme preparation. Various pretreatment approaches were employed on the potato peels, including thermal, chemical, and thermo-chemical methods. These methods involved boiling for 30 and 60 min, steaming at different pressures and durations, and applying different concentrations of chemicals, including H₂SO₄, HNO₃, CH₃COOH, HCl, NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, KOH, NH₃, and H₂O₂, either individually or in combination with steam treatment. The pretreated potato peels were subsequently subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using a crude multi-enzyme cocktail obtained from solid-state fermentation of wheat bran by a naturally occurring strain of Aspergillus niger P-19. This enzyme cocktail consisted of cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinase, and amylases. The most effective pretreatment combination involved the use of 3% H₂SO₄ followed by steam treatment under pressure, and enzymatic hydrolysis utilizing the crude multi-enzyme preparation. This combination resulted in the highest concentration of reducing sugars (141.04 ± 12.31 g/L), with a carbohydrate conversion rate of 98.49% when a substrate loading of 20% was used. As a result, an ethanol yield of 43.2 ± 3.82 g/L, representing 21.6% based on dry matter, was achieved. Furthermore, supplementing the medium with peptone, (NH₄)(H₂PO₄), and ZnSO₄ at a concentration of 0.1% w/v each, along with solid loadings of 22% and 24%, respectively, achieved yield improvements of 51.67 g/L and 54.75 g/L. However, the maximum productivity of 23.4% was observed with a 22% loading, compared to a yield of 22.8% with a 24% solid loading, based on dry matter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Enzyme System for Industrial Applications)

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Review

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26 pages, 2908 KiB

Open AccessReview

Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol

by Sanjeev Kumar Soni, Apurav Sharma and Raman Soni

Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 3590; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043590 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3118

Abstract

The primary contributor to global warming has been the careless usage of fossil fuels. Urbanization’s threat to the depletion of these resources has made it necessary to find alternatives due to the rising demand. Four different forms of biofuels are now available and constitute a possible replacement for fossil fuels. The first generation of biofuels is generated from the edible portion of biomass, the second generation is made from the non-edible portion of biomass, the third generation is made from algal biomass, and the fourth generation is made using molecular biology to improve the algal strain. Second-generation biofuels are extremely important because they are derived from non-edible biomass, such as agricultural and agro-industrial wastes rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and starch impregnated with lignin, and are hydrolyzed after delignification by physio-chemical or biological pretreatments using ligninases. The enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of feedstocks for the production of second-generation bioethanol, a highly acceptable biofuel, are discussed in this article. Furthermore, the article discusses various fermentation technologies as well as significant developments in second-generation biofuel production by combining various microbial enzyme systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Enzyme System for Industrial Applications)

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