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Green Building Energy System Integration and Eco-Friendly Urban Development

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Urban and Rural Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 21221

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
TEP 130: Arquitectura, Patrimonio y sostenibilidad. Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, 41015 Sevilla, Spain
Interests: airtightness; indoor air quality; health; sustainable environmental monitoring and modelling; building and district energy efficiency; renewable energy systems; zero-energy buildings; social housing and low carbon architecture

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, 41015 Sevilla, Spain
Interests: sustainable environmental monitoring and modeling; building and district energy efficiency; renewable energy systems; zero-energy buildings and districts; energy renovation; urban vegetation and greening process; social housing and low carbon architecture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are working on a Special Issue to foster a wide-ranging discussion on the idea of “Green Building Energy System Integration and Eco-Friendly Urban Development”. We would like to invite you to submit your contributions on the topic.

Given the increase in extreme environmental challenges faced by our cities and buildings, we need to seek urgent action. We must question previous approaches and find new answers on integrated strategies for a sustainable evolution of urban environments and the role of the buildings within them. How can we contribute to healthier, comfortable, more resilient and energy-independent urban scenarios where buildings are a key part of the system?

With climate change, pandemics, pollution, and energy scarcity overwhelming urban ecosystems, we need to question how citizens can not only stay comfortable, but also thermally safe and healthy over the coming decades. Likewise, given the current and potential future global disease crises, it is more necessary than ever to ensure safe indoor and outdoor environments (pollution-free, energy reliable and with thermal comfort), especially for the most vulnerable (aged population, children, impoverished sectors, etc.). Cities play a key role in dealing with diseases, heat waves, and other stress factors affecting citizens. It appears that with the help of new energy technologies, materials, nature integration, and renewed approaches, it is now possible to implement the capabilities for cities to take the next step.

Thus, the main objective of this Special Issue is to discuss and disseminate current work on a series of points, including:

  • Policies and strategies for the eco-friendly retrofit of legacy neighbourhoods and stock level actions. How can effective actions be carried out in the city of today?
  • The impact of political and social agendas on the energy efficiency of legacy neighbourhoods;
  • Eco design for the post-COVID era;
  • Innovative comprehensive actions for new developments, both in theoretical approaches and case analyses;
  • Discussion on standards for the correlation between urban design and the “real” performance of buildings, both in new urban developments and in the existing city;
  • The integration of renewable energy into buildings and urban areas, focusing especially on the coupling of energy production and demand in buildings and urban communities;
  • Urban air pollution and local management of air quality issues;
  • Impact of morphology and building shape on the quality of urban environment;
  • Improving energy security in urban areas through participation in energy production and the development of shared energy systems;
  • New energy models and associated economies for urban communities;
  • Evaluation of ecosystem services and their role in urban conformation;
  • Impact assessment of urban and building greening strategies and tools;
  • New and reviewed indicators, metrics, and assessment methods for the urban environment;
  • Age and gender issues on green development.

This Special Issue welcomes original research papers, reviews, and case studies on the topic and short discussions.

We hope that with your collaboration, we can make a sound contribution to this dimension, with potential for tangible impact on our environment.

Dr. Jessica Fernández-Agüera
Dr. Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Rethinking cities
  • Urban and building retrofitting
  • Urban green design
  • Post COVID-19 urban design
  • Urban and building integration of renewable energy
  • Advanced control strategies for grid integration
  • Future electricity market participation
  • Urban environmental quality
  • Local action-resource conservation and climate change
  • Environmental monitoring and modelling
  • GIS environments for urban design
  • Urban environmental performance modelling
  • Social performance
  • Gender and age design
  • Urban vegetation
  • Ecosystem services
  • Environmental indicators

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2590 KiB  
Article
CO2 Levels in Classrooms: What Actions to Take to Improve the Quality of Environments and Spaces
by Gaetano Settimo, Luciana Indinnimeo, Marco Inglessis, Marco De Felice, Roberta Morlino, Annalisa di Coste, Fabiana Carriera, Cristina Di Fiore and Pasquale Avino
Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8619; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198619 - 4 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2523
Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a crucial priority, especially since people spend most of their time indoors. Indoor air can be more polluted than outdoor air due to sources such as building materials, cleaning products, and heating systems. This condition can affect health [...] Read more.
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a crucial priority, especially since people spend most of their time indoors. Indoor air can be more polluted than outdoor air due to sources such as building materials, cleaning products, and heating systems. This condition can affect health and productivity, especially in schools and work environments. Students spend about a third of their day in classrooms, and studies have shown that poor IAQ can cause respiratory and allergic problems, especially among children, who are more vulnerable. Poor ventilation and excessive CO2 concentration are indicators of suboptimal indoor air quality, which can lead to symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, and worsening asthma. In Italy, the lack of specific legislation on indoor air quality in schools is a problem, but improved ventilation, both natural and mechanical, and monitoring of CO2 levels are recommended to prevent negative health consequences. This paper aims to describe a methodology to improve IAQ in schools. The paper discusses the results of a study conducted on CO2 and PM10 levels measured in real time in cold season (Nov–Mar) in different classrooms of primary and secondary schools present in a large Italian urban area in order to understand the IAQ state and identify possible improvement actions. Full article
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18 pages, 8656 KiB  
Article
Examining Energy Poverty among Vulnerable Women-Led Households in Urban Housing before and after COVID-19 Lockdown: A Case Study from a Neighbourhood in Madrid, Spain
by Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches and Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín
Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6680; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156680 - 5 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1559
Abstract
People with lower incomes often live in homes with poor thermal properties, making it difficult for them to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. This vulnerability is closely related to the quality and maintenance of housing, which negatively affects indoor environmental comfort, especially in [...] Read more.
People with lower incomes often live in homes with poor thermal properties, making it difficult for them to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. This vulnerability is closely related to the quality and maintenance of housing, which negatively affects indoor environmental comfort, especially in terms of energy usage, having an impact on health and well-being. Studying energy poverty from a qualitative perspective allows us to delve deeper into the experience of these people. A qualitative study was carried out through a case study of women in a situation of household vulnerability and energy poverty. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five women-led households and two key informants before and after the COVID-19 confinement, in one of the most vulnerable neighbourhoods of Madrid. Unveiling the complexity of this topic, three categories were identified: household composition and economic resources, perception and proposals for household improvements, and household health and well-being. Furthermore, the results suggest that reliance on inefficient solutions such as electric radiators or butane-cylinder heaters for space heating in winter (more affordable in the short term, but unsustainable in the long one) shows evidence of energy precariousness, which, together with other poor housing conditions and users’ behaviours, impact clearly on health, generating or worsening chronic diseases. Research in vulnerable populations requires interventions beyond visibility, supported by key informants. Social workers and educators are essential to improving the living conditions of the most vulnerable people; however, they need social policies and adequate intervention plans and strategies to support and make their efforts effective. Full article
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15 pages, 2677 KiB  
Article
Ontology-Based Data Representation Prototype for Indoor Air Quality, Building Energy Performance, and Health Data Computation
by Liina Tõnisson and Jurgo Preden
Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5677; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135677 - 3 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1807
Abstract
This study investigates the data integration of IoT-enabled sensor networks, emphasizing energy performance and personalized indoor air quality (IAQ) solutions to improve indoor environments, energy efficiency, and sustainability. Ontologies—structured frameworks that standardize data representation and enable interoperability—are the tools for interpreting complex IAQ [...] Read more.
This study investigates the data integration of IoT-enabled sensor networks, emphasizing energy performance and personalized indoor air quality (IAQ) solutions to improve indoor environments, energy efficiency, and sustainability. Ontologies—structured frameworks that standardize data representation and enable interoperability—are the tools for interpreting complex IAQ data for optimal energy rate plans and health situations. Our methodology follows the well-established three-phase engineering approach. We present the design of a prototype with essential classes, which is proposed to integrate IAQ data with health conditions, enhancing real-time monitoring and automated decision making for optimal energy performance for smart buildings. Our research goal is to define the most essential classes, arranging them hierarchically to create a prototype for data computing covering IAQ, energy performance, and health aspects. This ontological framework, covering all three aspects, addresses a current research gap. Results demonstrate the minimum viable product with 78 classes for a smart home IoT system, providing tailored indoor climate control based on user health profiles and energy performance. This prototype represents a significant advancement in sustainable building and IAQ management, promising improved building energy performance, occupant health, and comfort. Future research will validate this framework through extensive testing in real-world environments. Full article
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25 pages, 4970 KiB  
Article
Expectations and Outcomes when Quantifying Energy Improvements Achieved by Building Envelope Retrofitting
by Fernando Martín-Consuegra, Camila Andrea Ludueña, Fernando De Frutos, Borja Frutos, Carmen Alonso and Ignacio Oteiza
Sustainability 2024, 16(8), 3214; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083214 - 11 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1390
Abstract
This paper assesses the energy efficiency of two buildings constructed in the 1960s in Madrid. One of the buildings is refurbished including passive energy efficiency improvements, while the other remains in its original state. The area is one of a series of low-income [...] Read more.
This paper assesses the energy efficiency of two buildings constructed in the 1960s in Madrid. One of the buildings is refurbished including passive energy efficiency improvements, while the other remains in its original state. The area is one of a series of low-income residential inefficient developments built by the state on the capital’s outskirts in the 1950s. Their buildings require huge amounts of energy to meet occupants’ basic energy needs. This paper quantifies the energy savings and improved comfort achieved by building envelope energy retrofitting. For this purpose, it proposes a comprehensive methodology spanning data monitoring in homes in buildings, occupant surveys and energy simulation models—a standard approach to estimating improvement potential. Our aim is to compare the expected energy savings predicted by energy certificates with monitored data. The paper concludes that the comfort level in the retrofitted building improved tangibly but that the differing behaviours of the building’s occupants make the energy saving difficult to quantify with any precision. The calibrated model targets energy consumption savings after renovation of approximately 25% in heating and 50% in cooling for a typical household of four people with basic comfort needs reasonably met. Regarding heating consumption, the results of the calibrated model are lower than expected savings using the official certificate input data. However, cooling consumption savings were found to be greater than expected. Full article
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13 pages, 3724 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Building Archetypes for Optimising New Photovoltaic Energy Facilities: A Case Study
by Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Nerea García-Cortés and Miguel Ángel Campano
Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 12249; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112249 - 6 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2397
Abstract
Fuel poverty rates are high in southern Europe, particularly in social housing, despite the enormous potential for capturing solar power inherent in the roofs of apartment buildings. The in situ generation, distribution and consumption of photovoltaic energy carry obvious advantages including vastly improved [...] Read more.
Fuel poverty rates are high in southern Europe, particularly in social housing, despite the enormous potential for capturing solar power inherent in the roofs of apartment buildings. The in situ generation, distribution and consumption of photovoltaic energy carry obvious advantages including vastly improved efficiency attendant upon the reduction in distribution-related losses and costs, and the energy empowerment afforded lower income communities. The primary drawback is the imbalance between photovoltaic production patterns and users’ actual needs (peak consumption vs. peak generation). That mismatch is difficult to reconcile without resorting to energy storage or net metering, both of which entail grid involvement and greater management complexity. The present study introduces a methodology for analysing residential archetypes to determine the values of the parameters essential to optimising photovoltaic energy production and use. The aim is to determine where excess generation can be shared with other users in the vicinity and optimally pool residential rooftop facilities to meet community-scale energy demand, ultimately enhancing such disadvantaged neighbourhoods’ self-sufficiency. The case study discussed defines archetypes for just such a neighbourhood in Madrid, Spain. The solar energy production potential of the example is promising for its application in large southern European cities, with self-sufficiency rates obtained ranging from 15% to 25% and self-consumption rates from 61% to 80%. Full article
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27 pages, 10200 KiB  
Article
Parametric Design and Comfort Optimization of Dynamic Shading Structures
by Doris A. Chi, Edwin González M., Renato Valdivia and Eduardo Gutiérrez J.
Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7670; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147670 - 9 Jul 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5915
Abstract
This work implements parametric tools to optimize the environmental design of urban adaptive shadings through multiobjective evolutionary algorithms that look for solutions of dynamic (time-changing) structures used in open public spaces. The proposal is located in Malecon Cancun Tajamar in the southeast part [...] Read more.
This work implements parametric tools to optimize the environmental design of urban adaptive shadings through multiobjective evolutionary algorithms that look for solutions of dynamic (time-changing) structures used in open public spaces. The proposal is located in Malecon Cancun Tajamar in the southeast part of Mexico, and the main objective is to enhance the thermal comfort of users as well as to become part of the social dynamics of the place reinforcing identity through appropriation. The proposed workflow includes four steps: (1) geometric modelling by parametric modelling tools; (2) simulation of environmental parameters by using BPS tools; (3) shape optimization by using an evolutionary algorithm; and (4) environmental verification of the results. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used to assess the outdoor thermal comfort derived from the dynamic shadings. The results showed a significant improvement in the thermal comfort with absolute UTCI differences of 3.9, 7.4, and 3.1 °C at 8, 12, and 16 h, respectively, during the summer; and absolute differences of 1.4, 3.5, and 2 °C at 8, 12, and 16 h, respectively, during the winter. The proposed workflow can help to guide the early design process of dynamic shadings by finding optimal solutions that enhance outdoor thermal comfort. Full article
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10 pages, 2966 KiB  
Article
Energy Evaluation and Energy Savings Analysis with the 2 Selection of AC Systems in an Educational Building
by Milen Balbis-Morejón, Juan J. Cabello-Eras, Javier M. Rey-Hernández and Francisco J. Rey-Martínez
Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7527; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147527 - 6 Jul 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3540
Abstract
This paper presents an energy performance assessment on an educational building in Barranquilla, Colombia. The electricity consumption performance was assessed using the software DesignBuilder for two different Air Conditioning (AC) systems. The current electricity intensity is 215.3 kWh/m2-year and centralized AC [...] Read more.
This paper presents an energy performance assessment on an educational building in Barranquilla, Colombia. The electricity consumption performance was assessed using the software DesignBuilder for two different Air Conditioning (AC) systems. The current electricity intensity is 215.3 kWh/m2-year and centralized AC systems with individual fan coils and a water chiller share 66% of the total consumption and lighting at 16%. The simulation of the AC technology change to Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) resulted in an improvement of 38% in AC energy intensity with 88 kWh/m2-year and significant savings in electricity consumption and life-cycle cost of AC systems in buildings. Full article
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