Policing, Security and Safety in Urban Communities

A special issue of Social Sciences (ISSN 2076-0760).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2024 | Viewed by 11801

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Observatory Permanent of Violence and Crime (OPVC), Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
2. Research Centre for Justice and Governance (JusGov), University of Minho (UM), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: crime, policing and security; drug–crime–victimization links

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Guest Editor
UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
Interests: violence and victimization; social sciences; global health; environment and human health; environmental science; sustainability; information and communication technologies (ICTs); statistics and probability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
2. Research Center on Child Studies (CIEC), University of Minho (UM), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: victimization; victimology; interparental violence; intimate partner violence; domestic violence; child abuse and neglect; child rights
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on the topic Policing, Security and Safety in Urban Communities, a topic that is increasingly of general concern in contemporary societies, integrating the political agenda of governments and, of course, being the subject of social analysis in scientific terms. The issues of policing and security in cities have received widespread attention but, at the same time, this phenomenon is far from being exhausted, so it makes perfect sense to bring together authors that are developing work in this field. Research may integrate more global or partial analysis of policing models and modalities, urban (in)security, diagnosis of local security, urban crime prevention, analysis of urban spaces and their relationship with crime prevention, community assessment regarding security aspects, including the perception of populations and authorities, and central and local/community political powers. We aim to highlight studies investigating the variables that, as indicated above, are related to policing, (in)security and crime in urban communities, considering the multidisciplinarity and plurality of the technical–scientific domains that this topic encompasses. The studies that we expect to include in this Special Issue are essentially empirical in nature, employing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.

References of some editor’s publications about topics related to this special issue:

Azevedo, V., Nunes, L., & Sani, A. (2022). Is Campus a Place of (In)Security and Crime? Perceptions and Predictors among Higher Education Students. European Journal of  Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12, 193-208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12020015

Azevedo, V., Maia, R., Guerreiro, M., Oliveira, G., Sani, A., Caridade, S., Dinis, A., Estrada, R., Paulo, D. Magalhães, M., & Nunes, L. (2021). Looking at crime – communities and physical spaces: A curated dataset. Data in Brief, 39, 107560 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107560Azevedo

Azevedo, V., Magalhães, M., Paulo, D., Maia, R., Oliveira, G., Guerreiro, M., Sani, A, & Nunes, L. (2021). Temporal variability of theft types in the Historic Centre of Porto. Social Sciences, 10(10), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10100371

Azevedo, V., Sani, A., Nunes, L., & Paulo, D. (2021). Do you feel safe in the urban space? From perceptions to associated variables. Anuário de Psicología Juridica, 31(1), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.5093/apj2021a12. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3150/315065973007/html/

Caridade, S., Sani, A. I., Nunes, L., & Dinis, A. (2020). Youth victims of community violence: developmental outcomes and prevention challenges. In M. L. Knudsen (Ed.), Victims of Violence: Support, Challenges and Outcomes (pp. 279-290). New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Gouveia, F., Sani, A., Guerreiro, M., Azevedo, V., Santos, H., & Nunes, L. (2021). Mapping CPTED parameters with the LookCrim application. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 23(3), 252–263 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41300-021-00119-9  

Sani, A., Nunes, L., Azevedo, V., & Sousa, H. (2020). Campus Criminal Victimization among Higher Education Students: A Diagnosis of Local Security in Porto. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 31(2), 250-266 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2019.1702219

Sani, A. I., Nunes, L., Caridade, S., & Azevedo, V. (2020). Violence in urban community: local diagnosis of security and victimization. In M. L. Knudsen (Ed.), Victims of Violence: Support, Challenges and Outcomes (pp. 291-314). New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Prof. Dr. Laura M. Nunes
Prof. Dr. Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis
Prof. Dr. Ana Isabel Sani
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • urban criminality
  • policing
  • security
  • safety
  • community crime evaluation
  • crime prevention
  • environmental/spacial urban design
  • urban criminal diagnosis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5682 KiB  
Article
The Spatial Patterns of the Crime Rate in London and Its Socio-Economic Influence Factors
by Yunqi Zhou, Fengwei Wang and Shijian Zhou
Soc. Sci. 2023, 12(6), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12060340 - 08 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4389
Abstract
This paper analyses the spatial trends and patterns of the crime rates in London and explores how socio-economic characteristics affect crime rates with consideration of the geographic context across London. The 2015 London Crime Statistics and Socio-economic Characteristics datasets were used. First, we [...] Read more.
This paper analyses the spatial trends and patterns of the crime rates in London and explores how socio-economic characteristics affect crime rates with consideration of the geographic context across London. The 2015 London Crime Statistics and Socio-economic Characteristics datasets were used. First, we investigated the spatial patterns of crime rates through exploratory spatial analysis at the ward level. In addition, both the ordinary least square (OLS) model and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, which allow the effects of factors to vary in spatial scales, were adopted and compared to explore the potential spatially varying effect across London. The results showed that there exists obvious spatial clustering for the crime rate in central London. Both global and local Moran’s I values indicated the spatial dependence of crime at the ward level. The GWR model performed better in explaining crime rates than the OLS model. Only two factors, namely, the percentage of children aged from 0 to 15 and employment rates, had significant spatial variability in London. The influences of the percentage of children aged 0 to 15 on crime rates are constantly negative over a spatial scale; however, employment rates positively affect crime rates in the north-western areas near the centre of London. Therefore, this paper focuses more on the spatial perspective, which fills the gap in traditional crime analysis, especially on the spatially varying influence of socio-economic status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policing, Security and Safety in Urban Communities)
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23 pages, 1368 KiB  
Article
Rethinking the Factors Affecting the Prohibition and Prevention of Torture in China—A Qualitative Comparative Analysis
by Mingming Hai
Soc. Sci. 2023, 12(5), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12050257 - 23 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1593
Abstract
As China continues to intensify its judicial reform efforts, there are multiple factors that influence the prohibition and prevention of torture in China. This issue leads to the main research question of the article: what factors influence the protection of human rights in [...] Read more.
As China continues to intensify its judicial reform efforts, there are multiple factors that influence the prohibition and prevention of torture in China. This issue leads to the main research question of the article: what factors influence the protection of human rights in China to achieve the prohibition and prevention of torture? This paper uses fuzzy set (fs)/qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to explore how the configurations of multiple factors influence the establishment of a strong human rights protection system, to achieve effective torture prevention and prohibition in China. This article will focus on the cases of torture that have been made public (1998–2021). When considering how to build a strong human rights protection system to achieve the prohibition and prevention of torture, it is necessary to identify the most effective combination of cooperation with international monitoring bodies, transparency, legislation and judicial practice, attention allocation on torture cases and independent monitoring bodies for torture prevention. The analysis concludes that: (1) there are three ways of configuration to establish effective torture prevention and prohibition, (2) active engagement with international monitoring bodies is key to establishing a high level of human rights protection, particularly concerning China’s current mechanisms, and (3) the three types of configurations also provide solutions for future policy and decision-makers in China. This study contributes to demonstrates the benefits of fs/QCA in testing the complementarity of judicial practice and provides conceptual and empirical evidence for previously understudied factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policing, Security and Safety in Urban Communities)
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15 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
Exploring Citizens Perception of the Police Role and Function in a Post-Colonial Nation
by Michael Mathura
Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(10), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100465 - 10 Oct 2022
Viewed by 2845
Abstract
Before attempting to develop productive and harmonious working relationships between citizens and the police in a post-colonial society such as Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), it is imperative to initially gain a more precise understanding of the role and function of the police. This [...] Read more.
Before attempting to develop productive and harmonious working relationships between citizens and the police in a post-colonial society such as Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), it is imperative to initially gain a more precise understanding of the role and function of the police. This qualitative study suggested that the current role and function of officers is parallel to the colonial model of policing, where officers operated in a paramilitary manner. This model of policing was concerned with law enforcement and public order duties, which was highlighted as counterproductive for police and public relations. The model was also popular for police treatment based on citizens socioeconomic status. The results of this study suggest that police officers should implement a Service Oriented Policing approach (SOP), which could allow police officers to become proactively involved with communities and citizens, build stronger and increasingly productive relationships and be more effective and efficient as an institution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policing, Security and Safety in Urban Communities)
12 pages, 2142 KiB  
Article
Crime Analysis of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile: A Spatial Panel Data Approach
by Pablo Cadena-Urzúa, Álvaro Briz-Redón and Francisco Montes
Soc. Sci. 2022, 11(10), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100443 - 27 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1793
Abstract
The aim of our work is to determine the influence that socio-economic and demographic factors have had on crimes that have taken place during the period 2010–2018 in the communes of the Metropolitan Region of Chile, as well as the existence of possible [...] Read more.
The aim of our work is to determine the influence that socio-economic and demographic factors have had on crimes that have taken place during the period 2010–2018 in the communes of the Metropolitan Region of Chile, as well as the existence of possible spatial or temporal effects. We address 12 kinds of crime that we have grouped into two main types: against people and against property. Our interest focuses on crimes against people, using crimes against property as an additional covariate in order to investigate the existence of the broken-windows phenomenon in this context. The model chosen for our analysis is a spatial panel model with fixed effects. The results highlight that covariates such as infant mortality, birth rate, poverty and green areas have a significant influence on crimes against people. Regarding the spatio-temporal covariates, one effect observed is that there is a displacement of crime towards neighbouring communes, leaving open a new line of study to discover the causes of this displacement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policing, Security and Safety in Urban Communities)
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