Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Plants to Heavy Metal Stress

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 3653

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
Interests: phytoremediation of toxic elements; dendroremediation; arsenic toxicity in plants; oxidative stress; metal detoxication; plant secondary metabolism; salicylic acid functions in plants
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E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
Interests: oxidative stress; metal detoxication; plant secondary metabolism; phenolic compound functions in plants; biotic and abiotic stress; phytoremediation of toxic elements; dendroremediation; metal toxicity in plants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Soil pollution with heavy metals has become a serious problem worldwide. The mobilisation of heavy metals through extraction from ores with subsequent processing and broad applications has led to their release into the environment. Being essentially nonbiodegradable, heavy metals tend to accumulate in the environment and pose an increasing risk to ecosystems and human health.

The exposure of a plant to heavy metal stress activates an array of molecular and physiological mechanisms to reduce the negative effect of the stressor. In this Special Issue, research articles and reviews that focus on plant reactions to heavy metals, including physiology, biochemistry, genes, hormones, regulatory and signalling compounds, primary and secondary metabolites, and nutrition and environment, comprising metabolome, transcriptome and proteome studies, plant microbiome, metals interactions with nutrients in controlled and greenhouse studies, as well as in-field and agronomic scale trials on model plants, crops, trees, grasses, native species, etc. are most welcome.

Dr. Kinga Drzewiecka
Prof. Dr. Monika Gasecka
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • uptake
  • translocation
  • phytotoxicity
  • nitro-oxidative stress
  • avoidance
  • tolerance
  • detoxication
  • sequestration
  • hormesis
  • homeostasis
  • mechanisms
  • transporters
  • metabolome
  • signalling molecules
  • accumulation
  • crops
  • nutrients
  • phytoremediation
  • hyperaccumulators
  • bioindicators
  • microbiome
  • adaptive mechanisms

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3721 KiB  
Article
Combined Effects of Heavy Metal and Simulated Herbivory on Leaf Trichome Density in Sunflowers
by Eyal Grossman, Ilana Shtein and Michal Gruntman
Plants 2024, 13(19), 2733; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13192733 - 29 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Trichomes play a key role in both heavy metal tolerance and herbivory defense, and both stressors have been shown to induce increased trichome density. However, the combined effect of these stressors on trichome density in general, and specifically on metal-hyperaccumulating plants, has yet [...] Read more.
Trichomes play a key role in both heavy metal tolerance and herbivory defense, and both stressors have been shown to induce increased trichome density. However, the combined effect of these stressors on trichome density in general, and specifically on metal-hyperaccumulating plants, has yet to be examined. The aim of this study was to test the effect of cadmium availability and herbivory on leaf trichome density and herbivore deterrence in the metal hyperaccumulator Helianthus annuus. To test this, H. Annuus plants were grown in control pots or pots inoculated with 10 mg/kg cadmium and were subjected to either no herbivory or simulated herbivory using mechanical damage and foliar jasmonic acid application. Herbivore deterrence was tested in a feeding assay using Spodoptera littoralis caterpillars. Interestingly, while the trichome density of H. annuus increased by 79% or 53.5% under high cadmium availability or simulated herbivory, respectively, it decreased by 26% when the stressors were combined. Furthermore, regardless of cadmium availability, simulated herbivory induced a 40% increase in deterrence of S. littoralis. These findings suggest that the combination of metal availability and herbivory might present excessive stress to hyperaccumulators. Moreover, they suggest that the risk of metal bioaccumulation in phytoremediation can be reduced by simulated herbivory. Full article
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19 pages, 7618 KiB  
Article
Ectopic Expression of AetPGL from Aegilops tauschii Enhances Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation Capacity in Arabidopsis thaliana
by Junxing Yu, Xiaopan Hu, Lizhou Zhou, Lvlan Ye, Tuo Zeng, Xuye Du, Lei Gu, Bin Zhu, Yingying Zhang and Hongcheng Wang
Plants 2024, 13(17), 2370; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172370 - 25 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1561
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that accumulates in plants, negatively affecting their physiological processes, growth, and development, and poses a threat to human health through the food chain. 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGL) is a key enzyme in the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway(OPPP) in [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that accumulates in plants, negatively affecting their physiological processes, growth, and development, and poses a threat to human health through the food chain. 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGL) is a key enzyme in the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway(OPPP) in plant cells, essential for cellular metabolism. The OPPP pathway provides energy and raw materials for organisms and is involved in antioxidant reactions, lipid metabolism, and DNA synthesis. This study describes the Cd responsive gene AetPGL from Aegilops tauschii. Overexpression of AetPGL under Cd stress increased main root length and germination rate in Arabidopsis. Transgenic lines showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to the wild type. The transgenic Arabidopsis accumulated more Cd in the aboveground part but not in the underground part. Expression levels of AtHMA3, AtNRAMP5, and AtZIP1 in the roots of transgenic plants increased under Cd stress, suggesting AetPGL may enhance Cd transport from root to shoot. Transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway in AetPGL-overexpressing plants. Brassinosteroids (BR), Gibbenellin acid (GA), and Jasmonic acid (JA) contents significantly increased after Cd treatment. These results indicate that AetPGL may enhance Arabidopsis’ tolerance to Cd by modulating plant hormone content. In conclusion, AetPGL plays a critical role in improving cadmium tolerance and accumulation and mitigating oxidative stress by regulating plant hormones, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant Cd tolerance. Full article
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