Soil-Water Contamination and Ecological Restoration Using Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2026) | Viewed by 1150

Special Issue Editors

Department of Water Science and Technology, College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing 210037, China
Interests: emerging contaminants in soil and water; ecological remediation using plants; interactions within contaminant–microbiology–plant; biochar, biofilter and wetland

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Guest Editor
Department of Water Science and Technology, College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing 210037, China
Interests: emerging contaminants; fate and transport; microplastics; nanoparticles; wastewater treatment; constructed wetlands; ecological restoration; biochar

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The dynamic interplay between soil, water, and plants constitutes a fundamental nexus underpinning terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem function, agricultural productivity, and global biogeochemical cycles. These components are inextricably linked through complex physical, chemical, and biological processes that govern resource acquisition, nutrient cycling, and environmental resilience. Soil is well-acknowledged as the critical substrate, providing structural anchorage, a reservoir of essential nutrients, and a habitat for microbiota vital to plant health. Water acts as the universal solvent and transport medium, facilitating nutrient uptake by roots, driving physiological processes like photosynthesis and transpiration; and shaping soil structure and microbial activity.

However, the pervasive contamination of soil and water by traditional and particularly emerging contaminants (ECs) has raised a critical and evolving environmental challenge recently. These substances, mainly including nutrients, heavy metal, personal care products (PPCPs), perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), microplastics, nanomaterials and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are characterized not by their novelty but by their recent recognition as significant threats to ecological sustainability and human health. Unlike legacy pollutants, ECs often lack comprehensive regulatory frameworks, standardized detection methods, and full understanding of their long-term environmental fate and toxicological profiles. The continuous introduction of ECs into terrestrial and aquatic plant systems might occur via diverse pathways. Critically, the complex interactions among soil–water–plants matrices might facilitate the transport; transformation (e.g. biodegradation, photolysis, sorption), and persistence of ECs across interconnected environmental compartments. Understanding the bidirectional feedbacks within this soil–plant–water continuum—particularly concerning rhizosphere processes and responses to ECs stress—is, therefore, paramount for addressing pressing challenges such as sustainable food security, water resource management, and particularly ecosystem restoration.

This Special Issue of Plants will highlight the occurrence; behaviors; impacts of ECs within the soil–water–plants continuum, as well as the microbial/biological adaption or tolerance responses to ECs stress, which is imperative for developing effective risk assessment protocols; monitoring strategies, and mitigation technologies to maintain ecological sustainability.

Dr. Junkang Wu
Dr. Chong Cao
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • soil/water contamination
  • nitrogen and phosphorus
  • heavy metal
  • microplastics (MPs)
  • perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAs)
  • antibiotics
  • aquatic and terrestrial plants
  • wetland

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 4144 KB  
Article
Vegetation-Mediated Soil Organic Carbon Differentiation and Carbon Sequestration Strategies in a Typical Wetland of the North China Plain
by Zonglin Shi, Yan Wang, Xiaoshuang Li, Na Zhang, Sisi Li, Yue Wang, Hongjun Lin, Yuhong Dong, Hongju Zhou, Dayong Wu and Man Cheng
Plants 2026, 15(10), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101524 (registering DOI) - 16 May 2026
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) responds rapidly to vegetation changes, and exploring SOC sequestration mechanisms under different vegetation types is critical for optimizing wetland carbon sink functions. This study investigated the abiotic and biotic mechanisms driving SOC stability across four typical vegetation types (reed [...] Read more.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) responds rapidly to vegetation changes, and exploring SOC sequestration mechanisms under different vegetation types is critical for optimizing wetland carbon sink functions. This study investigated the abiotic and biotic mechanisms driving SOC stability across four typical vegetation types (reed marsh, woodland, farmland, and wasteland) in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers of Hengshui Lake wetland. Results showed that reed marshes exhibited the highest total organic carbon (TOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), owing to anaerobic soil conditions and stable macroaggregate physical protection. Woodlands accumulated higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) via an efficient microbial carbon pump, despite weaker aggregate stability. In contrast, farmlands and wastelands presented intense labile organic carbon (LOC) turnover and enzymatic decomposition, accelerating SOC mineralization and carbon dissipation with poor carbon sequestration capacity. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota dominated bacterial communities, while Ascomycota prevailed in fungi. Soil water content (SWC) and bulk density (BD) were the core drivers of microbial community succession, and fungi were more sensitive to vegetation changes. Conclusively, distinct vegetation types shape divergent SOC sequestration pathways. This work provides a theoretical basis for wetland restoration and regional carbon sink enhancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil-Water Contamination and Ecological Restoration Using Plants)
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Review

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39 pages, 2871 KB  
Review
Occurrence, Sources, Phytotoxicity, and Prevention and Control System of Phthalate Esters in Cash Crops: A Comprehensive Review
by Shijie Ma, Shanjie Han, Jiankun Yuan, Cheng Pan, Qiaolei Cai, Mengxin Wang and Baoyu Han
Plants 2026, 15(4), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15040549 - 10 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are emerging pollutants which are widely distributed in agricultural environments, and their impacts on crops have attracted considerable attention. PAEs on crops can disrupt their normal physiological metabolism, deteriorate the quality of agricultural products, and pose potential risks to human [...] Read more.
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are emerging pollutants which are widely distributed in agricultural environments, and their impacts on crops have attracted considerable attention. PAEs on crops can disrupt their normal physiological metabolism, deteriorate the quality of agricultural products, and pose potential risks to human health through the food chain. Here, based on existing studies, we consolidate recent findings on the occurrence, sources, phytotoxicity, and control measures of PAEs in cash crops. Specifically, the pollution status of PAEs in cash crops was investigated. PAEs enter plants through water, soil, the atmosphere, and packaging materials via wastewater contamination, the degradation of plastic waste, and emissions from industrial processes. PAEs can induce oxidative stress in cash crops, disrupt photosynthetic pathways, and alter soil- and plant-associated microbial communities, leading to physiological and metabolic disorders that significantly reduce the yield and quality of cash crops. Consequently, recent studies have explored and developed more advanced mitigation strategies, such as enzymatic degradation, the use of microbial communities, and the development of new treatment materials and technologies. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive assessment of current research on PAEs in cash crops and offers insights into existing challenges and future prospects for ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil-Water Contamination and Ecological Restoration Using Plants)
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