Molecular Mechanisms of Crop Stress Response and Photosynthetic Optimization

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 1949

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
Interests: photosynthesis; chloroplast biology; C4 biology; plant functional genomics; crop stress response; crop improvement
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue, titled ‘Molecular Mechanisms of Crop Stress Response and Photosynthetic Optimization’, is devoted to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying crop resilience to environmental stress and the strategies to enhance photosynthetic efficiency for improved agricultural productivity. This Special Issue aims to bridge the fields of fundamental molecular biology, omics technologies, and applied crop science to address the global challenges in food security caused by climate change. We welcome researchers to submit original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and brief communications and perspectives that provide novel insights into this research field, addressing the following themes:

  1. Stress signaling and response: Studies elucidating molecular, genetic, and epigenetic pathways governing crop tolerance to abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, extreme temperatures, salinity) and biotic stresses (e.g., pathogens, pests), including gene functions, signaling pathways, and transcription factor networks.
  2. Photosynthetic enhancement and adaptations​​: Innovations in electron transport, carbon fixation (C3, C4, CAM), photoprotection, source–sink relationships under normal conditions or under stress, and optimizing canopy architecture for light-use efficiency.
  3. Cross-talk between stress and photosynthesis​​: Investigating how abiotic and biotic stresses impact photosynthetic processes and chloroplast–nucleus retrograde signaling.
  4. Biotechnological applications: Breeding, engineering stress-resilient crops, improving photosynthetic capacity via overexpression, gene editing, synthetic biology, or metabolic engineering.
  5. Omics-driven insights: Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies revealing novel stress-responsive or photosynthesis-related targets.

Prof. Dr. Jun Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • crop improvement
  • crop stress response
  • photosynthetic optimization
  • abiotic stress signaling
  • biotic stress resistance
  • gene regulation
  • signaling pathways
  • omic technologies, chloroplast biology
  • stress memory

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2829 KB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification of the StPYL Gene Family and Analysis of the Functional Role of StPYL9a-like in Salt Tolerance in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
by Chunna Lv, Yuting Bao, Minghao Xu, Ke Deng, Long Zhao, Yihan Zhao, Yifan Zhou, Yuejuan Feng and Fang Wang
Plants 2025, 14(17), 2731; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172731 - 2 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 981
Abstract
PYR/PYL (pyrroloquinoline quinone resistance/PYR1-like) are receptors for abscisic acid (ABA) in plants and play a crucial role in responses to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified 63 members of the StPYL gene family at the tetraploid whole-genome level in potatoes. We analyzed [...] Read more.
PYR/PYL (pyrroloquinoline quinone resistance/PYR1-like) are receptors for abscisic acid (ABA) in plants and play a crucial role in responses to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified 63 members of the StPYL gene family at the tetraploid whole-genome level in potatoes. We analyzed the physicochemical properties of these 63 StPYLs and constructed a phylogenetic tree using Arabidopsis thaliana and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar ‘DM’ as the reference. By examining gene structure, conserved protein motifs, and collinearity, we found that StPYLs are highly conserved throughout evolution. The gene expression heat map under salt stress revealed that 57 StPYL genes are involved in the salt stress response. Among them, the expression level of StPYL9a-like changed significantly under salt stress. Through genetic transformation, we observed that overexpression of StPYL9a-like enhanced the growth and survival of potato plants under salt stress compared to the wild type. The contents of proline (Pro), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and chlorophyll in the leaves of overexpressing plants increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased. This suggests that StPYL9a-like positively regulates salt tolerance by affecting antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substances in potatoes. Subcellular localization demonstrated that StPYL9a-like is localized in the nucleus. This study provides a reference for the functional research of PYLs in potatoes, offers a basis for screening potato genes related to salt stress, and lays a foundation for developing salt-tolerant potato varieties. Full article
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Review

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22 pages, 1218 KB  
Review
Integrating Drought Stress Signaling and Smart Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops: Regulatory Mechanisms and Genetic Strategies
by Mingyu Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Yaqian Huang and Jun Liu
Plants 2025, 14(24), 3714; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14243714 - 5 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 700
Abstract
The escalating frequency and severity of drought events pose significant threats to agricultural productivity and food security. Drought stress not only restricts crop growth and yields but also destabilizes agricultural ecosystems. Over evolutionary timescales, plants have developed intricate adaptive strategies, encompassing drought escape [...] Read more.
The escalating frequency and severity of drought events pose significant threats to agricultural productivity and food security. Drought stress not only restricts crop growth and yields but also destabilizes agricultural ecosystems. Over evolutionary timescales, plants have developed intricate adaptive strategies, encompassing drought escape (accelerated phenology), avoidance (water-conserving morphology) and tolerance (cellular protection), which involve complex biological mechanisms spanning molecular signaling, metabolic reprogramming and organ morphological remodeling. To mitigate drought risks, breeding drought-tolerant and water-efficient crops is imperative. Currently, drought resistance breeding is undergoing a paradigm shift, transitioning from traditional phenotypic selection toward genomics-assisted selection, molecular design and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven predictive modeling. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of drought stress response mechanisms in crops, integrating three key dimensions: physiological/biochemical adaptations, hormonal signaling networks and morphological/structural modifications. Furthermore, it critically evaluates recent advances in genetic improvement approaches for drought resistance, such as marker-assisted selection, transgenic technology and gene editing. It also explores the integration of multi-omics data and AI to enhance precision molecular breeding and overcome the inherent trade-off between drought resistance and yield potential. By synthesizing advancements in molecular breeding and smart agriculture, this work provides a roadmap for developing climate-resilient crops optimized through synergistic trait engineering and intelligent environmental sensing. Full article
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