Cyclooxygenase(COX) Inhibitors
A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2012) | Viewed by 30634
Special Issue Editor
Interests: study on the translational therapeutics of benefit and risk of drugs targeting the cyclooxygenase system using cellular systems; model organisms and mechanistic phenotyping studies in humans
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are commonly used to alleviate pain, inflammation and fever. They inhibit the formation of prostanoids, which reduce the threshold to stimulation of peripheral nociceptors, increase the excitability of spinal sensory neurons and stimulate thermo sensitive neurons in the preoptic area of the brain. Low dose aspirin is the preferred antiplatelet regimen for cardiovascular prophylaxis. Perhaps more than 60 million people in the United States consume a COX inhibitor regularly. Over 40 distinct compounds are marketed as almost 1000 brands, formulations, and doses. The major side effects of these drugs are caused by coincident inhibition of cytoprotective and homeostatic prostanoids. Thus, all COX inhibitors may be associated with gastrointestinal complications, including serious bleeds. COX-2 selective compounds have been shown to reduce the incidence of these bleeding events, but are more likely to cause serious cardiovascular events than nonselective drugs. All COX inhibitors have been reported to elevate blood pressure and/or cause salt retention and edema, although they do so to variable degrees amongst individuals, if at all. Evidence from human pharmacology and genetics, genetically manipulated rodents and other animal models and randomized trials indicates that these cardiovascular adverse events are consequent to suppression of COX-2 dependent cardioprotective prostanoids, particularly, prostacyclin.
It has long been appreciated that the response to any COX inhibitor may vary substantially from patient to patient. Can we predict which patients are likely to benefit from treatment with a particular compound and which patients are likely to develop complications, such as heart attack and stroke? Does the cardiovascular risk extend to some or several or all of the older, non-isoform selective COX inhibitors? What are the relative roles of inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 in therapeutic efficacy and risk? A much more detailed understanding of the biology of the prostanoid biosynthetic-response system, the molecular mechanisms and pharmacoepidemiology of therapeutic benefit and risk of COX inhibitors, their human pharmacology, and genetic and non-genetic factors that cause variability in these drugs is a necessary prerequisite to development of an evidence based paradigm to personalize therapy with COX inhibitors.
This special issue presents an opportunity to create a readily accessible collection of insightful reviews of current knowledge, evolving concepts, provocative ideas and original research articles in these very topics as a resource for students and trainees in our laboratories and for those who are interested in this field.
Sincerely,
Dr. Tilo Grosser
Guest Editor
Keywords
- cyclooxygenase-1
- cyclooxygenase-2
- prostaglandins
- prostanoids
- nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
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