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Pathogens
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Active Surveillance of Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms (MRDO) and Clinical Biomarkers in...
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Active Surveillance of Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms (MRDO) and Clinical Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Severe Infectious Disease as Sepsis

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4515

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Spoto Silvia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Rome Biomedical Campus University Foundation, Alvaro del Portillo Street n°200, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: infectious disease diagnosis; sepsis diagnosis and prognosis; multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens identification and analysis; epidemiology of infectious diseases, especially in a nosocomial setting; laboratory markers of inflammation and infection; diagnostic and prognostic markers associated with infectious and chronic diseases
Prof. Dr. César Bustos Guillén

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Santiago de Chile, Universidad de los Andes, Metropolitan Region, Santiago 7620157, Chile
Interests: infectology; internal medicine; clinical microbiology; adult infectious diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the ability of the microorganism to resist the action of an antimicrobial compound, represents a worldwide problem and one of the most important health threats. The global dissemination of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) reducing the therapeutic options contributes to increasing patients’ morbidity and mortality. It is unclear whether global population dynamics, regional factors, or immediate proximity to antibiotics determines the frequencies of resistance phenotypes in a defined location, such as a hospital and other settings.

On this basis, rapid identification of resistant bacterial strains and rapid diagnosis of localized or systemic infections represent key factors for patient prognosis and infection control in a nosocomial setting.

Several studies indicate that the most common types of adverse events affecting hospitalized patients are adverse drug events, Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs), and surgical complications.

Advances in preoperative care, surgical techniques, and technologies have enabled surgeons to achieve primary closure in a high percentage of surgical procedures. However, often, underlying patient comorbidities, in addition to surgical-related factors, make the management of surgical sites challenging because of the higher risk of developing complications. The incidence of postoperative complications (infection, dehiscence, seroma, hematoma, skin and fat necrosis, skin and fascial dehiscence or blistering) and other variables influence the postoperative outcomes. In particular, an infection of the surgical site or the systemic dissemination of the pathogens increase patients’ morbidity and mortality.

Besides rapid clinical diagnosis, for the prevention of such infections, active surveillance cultures (ACS) to identify patients colonized by MDRO represent a fundamental step.

Furthermore, from the patient’s point of view and his prognosis, it is important to evidence the host response to the pathogen as well as to the antibiotic treatment, especially in the case of multidrug-resistant infections. At this aim, new biomarkers, such as Procalcitonin (PCT) and mid-regional-pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), have been proposed to follow patient response to antimicrobial therapy and prognosis.

Dr. Spoto Silvia
Prof. Dr. César Bustos Guillén
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • procalcitonin (PCT)
  • mid-regional-pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM)
  • multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO)
  • active surveillance cultures (ACS)
  • healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs)

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2255 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Methicillin and β−Lactamase Resistant Pathogens Associated with Oral and Periodontal Disease of Children in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
by Sharmin Sultana, Rokshana Parvin, Mst. Sonia Parvin, Md. Taohidul Islam, Abu Saleh Mahfuzul Bari and Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
Pathogens 2022, 11(8), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080890 - 9 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1807
Abstract
Oral and periodontal diseases (OPD) is considered one of the main problems of dentistry worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral and periodontal pathogenic bacteria along with their antimicrobial resistance pattern in 131 children patients aged between 4–10 years who [...] Read more.
Oral and periodontal diseases (OPD) is considered one of the main problems of dentistry worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral and periodontal pathogenic bacteria along with their antimicrobial resistance pattern in 131 children patients aged between 4–10 years who attended in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during October 2019 to March 2020. OPD pathogens were identified through isolation, cultural and biochemical properties, and nucleic acid detection. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 antibiotics commonly used in dentistry. In addition, the isolates were analyzed molecularly for the presence of six virulence and three antibacterial resistance genes. Five pathogens were identified, of which Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (49%) and S. salivarius (46%) were noticed frequently; other bacteria included S. mutans (16.8%), S. sobrinus (0.8%) and L. fermentum (13.7%). The virulence genes—clumping factor A (clfA) was detected in 62.5% isolates of S. aureus, and gelatinase enzyme E (gelE) gene was detected in 5% isolates of S. salivarius, while other virulence genes were not detected. All the tested isolates were multidrug-resistant. The overall prevalence of MDR S. aureus, Streptococcus spp. and L. fermentum was 92.2%, 95.1% and 100%, respectively. It was observed that a high proportion of isolates were found resistant to 5–8 antibiotics. A majority of S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and L. fermentum isolates tested positive for the β−lactamase resistance genes blaTEM and cfxA, as well as the methicillin resistance gene mecA. Phylogenetically, the resistance genes showed variable genetic character among Bangladeshi bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, S. aureus and S. salivarius were major OPD pathogens in patients attended in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh, and most were Beta-lactam and methicillin resistant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Surveillance of Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms (MRDO) and Clinical Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Severe Infectious Disease as Sepsis)
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13 pages, 958 KiB  
Article
Pancreatic Stone Protein as a Biomarker for Sepsis at the Emergency Department of a Large Tertiary Hospital
by Titus A. P. de Hond, Jan Jelrik Oosterheert, Susan J. M. van Hemert-Glaubitz, Ruben E. A. Musson and Karin A. H. Kaasjager
Pathogens 2022, 11(5), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050559 - 9 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1888
Abstract
Early recognition of sepsis is essential for improving outcomes and preventing complications such as organ failure, depression, and neurocognitive impairment. The emergency department (ED) plays a key role in the early identification of sepsis, but clinicians lack diagnostic tools. Potentially, biomarkers could be [...] Read more.
Early recognition of sepsis is essential for improving outcomes and preventing complications such as organ failure, depression, and neurocognitive impairment. The emergency department (ED) plays a key role in the early identification of sepsis, but clinicians lack diagnostic tools. Potentially, biomarkers could be helpful in assisting clinicians in the ED, but no marker has yet been successfully implemented in daily practice with good clinical performance. Pancreatic stone protein (PSP) is a promising biomarker in the context of sepsis, but little is known about the diagnostic performance of PSP in the ED. We prospectively investigated the diagnostic value of PSP in such a population for patients suspected of infection. PSP was compared with currently used biomarkers, including white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Of the 156 patients included in this study, 74 (47.4%) were diagnosed with uncomplicated infection and 26 (16.7%) patients with sepsis, while 56 (35.9%) eventually had no infection. PSP was significantly higher for sepsis patients compared to patients with no sepsis. In multivariate regression, PSP was a significant predictor for sepsis, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69. Positive and negative predictive values for this model were 100% and 84.4%, respectively. Altogether, these findings show that PSP, measured at the ED of a tertiary hospital, is associated with sepsis but lacks the diagnostic performance to be used as single marker. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Surveillance of Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms (MRDO) and Clinical Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Severe Infectious Disease as Sepsis)
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